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Numerical study of the pulsatile flow depending on non-Newtonian viscosity in a stenosed microchannel

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Abstract

Considering the shear-thinning feature of blood viscosity, the characteristics of non-Newtonian fluids are important in pulsatile blood flows. Stenosis, with an abnormal narrowing of the vessel, blocks blood flow to downstream tissues and leads to plaque rupture. In smaller arteries of diameters up to a few hundred micrometers, such stenosis can result in severe consequences. Therefore, a systematic analysis of the blood flow around the stenosed microchannel is important. In this study, non-Newtonian behaviors of the blood flow around a microchannel of diameter 500 μm, with 60% severe stenosis, were examined using CFX under pulsatile flow condition, with a period of 1 s and Reynolds number of 14.025 at the systolic phase. The viscosity information of the two non-Newtonian samples and the used pulsatile profile were based on our previous study. For comparison, water at room temperature was used as the Newtonian fluid. During the pulsatile phase, wall shear stress (WSS) is highly oscillated. In the case of the water flow, the recirculation occurred downstream the stenosis. This recirculation made the vortex structures travel the longest and induced a low WSS distribution and rapid normalized pressure drop at downstream of the stenosis. Conversely, the non-Newtonian feature of viscosity made flow structures almost symmetric, with respect to the stenosis. However, the highly oscillating WSS enhances the tendency of plaque instability and damage to the endothelium. Our findings on the influence of blood viscosity on stenotic lesions may help clinicians understand relevant mechanisms.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Biomedical Research Institute Grant (2015-21), Pusan National University Hospital.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea

    Yi Kyung Ha

  2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea

    Hyeonji Hong & Eunseop Yeom

  3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea

    Jae Min Song

  4. Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea

    Jae Min Song

  5. Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea

    Jae Min Song

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  1. Yi Kyung Ha
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  2. Hyeonji Hong
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  3. Eunseop Yeom
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  4. Jae Min Song
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Correspondence to Eunseop Yeom or Jae Min Song.

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Ha, Y.K., Hong, H., Yeom, E. et al. Numerical study of the pulsatile flow depending on non-Newtonian viscosity in a stenosed microchannel. J Vis 23, 61–70 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-019-00601-5

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