Abstract
The paper presents an interactive electronic guide application prototype able to recommend personalized multiple-day tourist itineraries to mobile web users. The proposed application relies on an evolutionary optimizer that allows the determination, in an acceptable time, of a near-optimal user-adapted tour for each day of the visit by considering different conflicting objectives. The tour optimizer automatically plans the itinerary by selecting the sights of potential interest based on user preferences, the available visit time considered on a daily basis, opening days and hours, visiting times, accessibility of the places of interest and weather forecasting. The interactive functionalities and facilities provided by the application are illustrated along with the model used to adapt the tourist itinerary to user preferences and constraints. An experimental qualitative and quantitative evaluation has been performed to assess the validity of the guide prototype. Particular attention has been devoted to the usability of the application and its graphic unit interface along with user satisfaction.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anacleto R, Figueiredo L, Almeidaa A, Novais P (2014) Mobile application to provide personalized sightseeing tours. J Netw Comput Appl 41:56–64
Ardissono L, Kuflik T, Petrelli D (2012) Personalization in cultural heritage: the road travelled and the one ahead. User Model User-adapt Interact 22(1–2):73–99
Betram D (2009) Likert scales. The Faculty of Mathematics University of Belgrad, Croatia, Technical report
Borràs J, Moreno A, Valls A (2014) Intelligent tourism recommender systems: a survey. Expert Syst Appl 41(16):7370–7389
Brilhante IR, Macedo JA, Nardini FM, Perego R, Renso C (2015) On planning sightseeing tours with T ripB uilder. Inf Process Manag 51(2):1–15
Brown B, Chalmers M (2003) Tourism and mobile technology. In: Proceedings of the 8th European conference on computer supported cooperative work (ECSCW), Springer, pp 335–354
Chen CC, Tsai JL (2019) Determinants of behavioral intention to use the personalized location-based mobile tourism application: an empirical study by integrating TAM with ISSM. Future Gener Comput Syst 96:628–638
Coello ACC, Van Veldhuizen AD, Lamont GB (2007) Evolutionary algorithms for solving multi-objective problems, vol 2. Genetic and evolutionary computation series. Springer, New York
Cotfas LA (2011) Collaborative itinerary recommender systems. Econ Inform J 11(1):191–200
Cotfas LA, Diosteanu A, Dumitrescu SD, Smeureanu A (2011) Semantic search itinerary recommender systems. Int J Comput 5(3):370–377
De Falco I, Scafuri U, Tarantino E (2015) A multiobjective evolutionary algorithm for personalized tours in street networks. Lecture notes computer science. Springer, New York, pp 115–127
De Falco I, Scafuri U, Tarantino E (2016) Optimizing personalized touristic itineraries by a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm. Int J Inf Technol Decis Mak 15(6):1269–1312
Deb K (2001) Multi-objective optimization using evolutionary algorithms. Wiley, Chichester
Diosteanu A, Cotfas LA, Smeureanu A, Dumitrescu SD (2011) Natural language processing applied in itinerary recommender systems. In: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on applied computer and applied computational science, WSEAS Press, pp 260–265
Dix A, Finlay J, Abowd GD, Beale R (2004) Human–computer Interaction, vol 3. Pearson-Prentice Hall, New Jersey
Expósito A, Mancini S, Brito J, Moreno JA (2019) A fuzzy GRASP for the tourist trip design with clustered POIs. Expert Syst Appl 127(1):210–227
Feo TA, Resende MGC (1989) A probabilistic heuristic for a computationally difficult set covering problem. Oper Res Lett 8:67–71
Fogli A, Sansonetti G (2019) Exploiting semantics for context-aware itinerary recommendation. Pers Ubiquit Comput. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-018-01189-7
Gambardella L, Montemanni R, Weyland D (2012) Coupling ant colony systems with strong local searches. Eur J Oper Res 220(3):831–843
Gao R, Li J, Li X, Song C, Zhou Y (2018) A personalized point-of-interest recommendation model via fusion of geo-social information. Neurocomputing 273:159–170
Garcia A, Linaza MT, Arbelaiz O, Vansteenwegen P (2009) Intelligent routing system for a personalized electronic tourist guide. In: Höpken W, Gretzel U, Law R (eds) Information and communication technologies in tourism 2009. Springer, New York, pp 185–197
Garcia A, Vansteenwegen P, Arbelaitz O, Souffriau W, Linaza MT (2013) Integrating public transportation in personalised electronic tourist guides. Comput Oper Res 40(3):758–774
Garcia I, Sebastia L, Onaindia E (2011) On the design of individual and group recommender systems for tourism. Expert Syst Appl 38:7683–7692
Gavalas D, Kenteris M, Konstantopoulos C, Pantziou G (2012) Web application for recommending personalised mobile tourist routes. IET Softw 6(4):313–322
Gavalas D, Konstantopoulos C, Mastakas K, Pantziou G (2014a) Mobile recommender systems in tourism. J Netw Comput Appl 39:319–333
Gavalas D, Konstantopoulos C, Mastakas K, Pantziou G (2014b) A survey on algorithmic approaches for solving tourist trip design problems. J Heuristics 20(3):291–328
Gavalas D, Kasapakis V, Konstantopoulos C, Pantziou G, Vathis N, Zaroliagis C (2015a) The eCOMPASS multimodal tourist tour planner. Expert Syst Appl 42(21):7303–7316
Gavalas D, Konstantopoulos C, Mastakas K, Pantziou G, Vathis N (2015b) Heuristics for the time dependent team orienteering problem: application to tourist route planning. Comput Oper Res 62:36–50
Gavalas D, Kasapakis V, Konstantopoulos C, Pantziou G, Vathis N (2017) Scenic route planning for tourists. Pers Ubiquit Comput 21(1):137–155
Gunawan A, Lau HC, Vansteenwegen P (2016) Orienteering problem: a survey of recent variants, solution approaches and applications. Eur J Oper Res 255(2):315–332
Hu Q, Lim A (2014) An iterative three-component heuristic for the team orienteering problem with time windows. Eur J Oper Res 232:276–286
Huang Y, Bian L (2009) A bayesian network and analytic hierarchy process based personalized recommendations for tourist attractions over the internet. Expert Syst Appl 36(1):933–943
Hyde KK, Lawson R (2003) The nature of independent travel. J Travel Res 42(1):13–23
Jiang K, Yin H, Wang P, Yu N (2013) Learning from contextual information of geo-tagged web photos to rank personalized tourism attractions. Neurocomputing 119(7):17–25
Kenteris M, Gavalas D, Pantziou G, Konstantopoulos C (2010) Near-optimal personalized daily itineraries for a mobile tourist guide. In: Proceedings of the symposium on computers and communications (ISCC), IEEE, pp 862–864
Kenteris M, Gavalas D, Economou D (2011) Electronic mobile guides: a survey. Pers Ubiquit Comput 15(1):97–111
Kotiloglu S, Lappas T, Pelechrinis K, Repoussis P (2017) Personalized multi-period tour recommendations. Tour Manag 62:76–88
Kou G, Lin C (2014) A cosine maximization method for the priority vector derivation in AHP. Eur J Oper Res 235(1):225–232
Kou G, Lu Y, Peng Y, Shi Y (2012) Evaluation of classification algorithms using MCDM and rank correlation. Int Technol Decis Mak 11(1):197–225
Kou G, Peng Y, Wang G (2014) Evaluation of clustering algorithms for financial risk analysis using MCDM methods. Inf Sci 275:1–12
Labadie N, Mansini R, Melechovský J, Calvo RW (2012) The team orienteering problem with time windows: an LP-based granular variable neighborhood search. Eur J Oper Res 220:15–27
Laugwitz B, Held T, Schrepp M (2008) Construction and evaluation of a user experience questionnaire. Springer, Berlin
Liao Z, Zheng W (2018) Using a heuristic algorithm to design a personalized day tour route in a time-dependent stochastic environment. Tour Manag 68:284–300
Lin SW, Yu VF (2012) A simulated annealing heuristic for the team orienteering problem with time windows. Eur J Oper Res 217:94–107
Lourenco HR, Martin O, Stuetzle T (2002) Iterated local search. In: Glover F, Kochenberger GA (eds) Handbook of metaheuristics. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, pp 321–353
Lund AM (2001) Measuring usability with the use questionnaire. Usability Interface 8(2):3–6
Meys W, Groen M (2014) Quo vadis?: Persuasive computing using real time queue information. In: ACM (ed) Proceedings of the first international conference on IoT in urban space, pp 102–104
Migliorini S, Carra D, Belussi A (2018) Adaptive trip recommendation system: balancing travelers among pois with MapuppercaseReduce. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international congress on big data, IEEE, pp 255–259
Montemanni R, Weyland D, Gambardella L (2009) Ant colony system for the team orienteering problem with time windows. Found Comput Decis Sci 34:287–306
Montemanni R, Weyland D, Gambardella L (2011) An enhanced ant colony system for the team orienteering problem with time windows. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on computer science and society, IEEE, pp 381–384
Muccini H, Rossi F, Traini L (2017) A smart city run-time planner for multi-site congestion management. In: Proceedings of the international conference on smart systems and technologies (SST), IEEE, pp 175–179
Nielsen J (1993) Usability engineering. Academic Press, Cambridge
Preece J, Rogers Y, Sharp H (2002) Interaction design, beyond human-computer interaction. Wiley, New York
Righini G, Salani M (2009) Decremental state space relaxation strategies and initialization heuristics for solving the orienteering problem with time windows with dynamic programming. Comput Oper Res 36(4):1191–1203
Rodríguez B, Molina J, Pérez F, Caballero R (2012) Interactive design of personalised tourism routes. Tour Manag 33:926–940
Schrepp M, Hinderks A, Thomaschewski J (2017) Construction of a benchmark for the user experience questionnaire (UEQ). Int J Interact Multimed Artif Intell 4(4):40–44
Shu H, Song C, Pei T, Xu L, Ou Y, Zhang L, Li T (2016) Queuing time prediction using WiFi positioning data in an indoor scenario. Sensors 16(11):E1958
Souffriau W, Vansteenwegen P, Vertommen J, Berghe GV, Van Oudheusden D (2008) A personalised tour trip design algorithm for mobile tourist guides. Appl Artif Intell 22(10):964–985
Souffriau W, Maervoet J, Vansteenwegen P, Vanden Berghe G, Van Oudheusden D (2009) A mobile tourist decision support system for small footprint devices. In: Lecture notes computer science, bio-inspired systems: computational and ambient intelligence, LNCS 5517, Springer, New York, pp 1248–1255
Souffriau W, Vansteenwegen P, Vanden Berghe G, Van Oudheusden D (2013) The multiconstraint team orienteering problem with multiple time windows. Transport Sci 47(1):53–63
Sylejmani K, Kosova P, Dorn J, Musliu N (2012) A tabu search approach for multi constrained team orienteering problem and its application in touristic trip planning. In: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on hybrid intelligent systems, IEEE, pp 300–305
Sylejmani K, Dorn J, Musliu N (2017) Planning the trip itinerary for tourist groups. Inf Technol Tour 17(3):275–314
Tewaria AS, Barman AG (2018) Sequencing of items in personalized recommendations using multiple recommendation techniques. Expert Syst Appl 97:70–82
Tricoire F, Romauch M, Doerner K, Hartl R (2010) Heuristics for the multi-period orienteering problem with multiple time windows. Comput Oper Res 37:351–367
Umanets A, Ferreira A, Leite N (2014) GuideMe—a tourist guide with a recommender system and social interaction. Proc Technol 17:407–414
Vansteenwegen P, Souffriau W, Van Oudheusden D (2009a) A detailed analysis of two metaheuristics for the team orienteering problem, engineering stochastic local search algorithms. Lecture notes computer science, vol 5752. Springer, New York, pp 110–114
Vansteenwegen P, Souffriau W, Vanden Berghe G, Van Oudheusden D (2009b) Iterated local search for the team orienteering problem with time windows. Comput Oper Res 36(12):3281–3290
Vansteenwegen P, Souffriau W, Van Oudheusden D (2011a) The orienteering problem: a survey. Eur J Oper Res 209(1):1–10
Vansteenwegen P, Souffriau W, Vanden Berghe G, Van Oudheusden D (2011b) The city trip planner: an expert system for tourists. Expert Syst Appl 38(6):6540–6546
Verbeeck C, Sörensen K, Aghezzaf EH, Vansteenwegen P (2014) A fast solution method for the time-dependent orienteering problem. Eur J Oper Res 236(2):419–432
Wik (2017) Wikitude developer SDK. http://www.wikitude.com/developer/documentation/android. Accessed 15 June 2019
Yon H, Zheng Y, Xie X, Woo W (2012) Social itinerary recommendation from user-generated digital trails. Pers Ubiquit Comput 16(5):469–484
Zheng W, Liao Z (2019) Using a heuristic approach to design personalized tour routes for heterogeneous tourist groups. Tour Manag 72:313–325
Acknowledgements
This work has been supported by the project “Organization of Cultural Heritage for Smart Tourism and Real-Time Accessibility (ORCHESTRA)” (PON04a2_D) approved and financed within the 2012 “Smart Cities and Communities” call of the Italian Ministry for University and Research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tarantino, E., De Falco, I. & Scafuri, U. A mobile personalized tourist guide and its user evaluation. Inf Technol Tourism 21, 413–455 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-019-00150-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-019-00150-5