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Whale Optimization Controller for Load Frequency Control of a Two-Area Multi-source Deregulated Power System

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Abstract

This article discusses a Whale Optimization (WO) controller for design analysis, stability management, application, and performance analysis of a deregulated two-area multi-source energy system. Within the power grid, the Automatic Generation Control (AGC) maintains the power balance and strengthens the sudden frequency disturbance of the grid. Various researchers are targeted many kinds of fast-acting energy-storing devices to dampen space frequency oscillations and diversion of the tie line because of unexpected load variation. To regulate the power flow between multi-areas, load frequency control (LFC) is used by keeping frequency constant. But, to design a controller for minimizing the issues of LFC remains a challenge within the deregulated atmosphere. The main objective of the proposed methodology is to design a controller for minimizing the issues in LFC within the deregulated atmosphere. A two-area deregulated hydrothermal power system is employed to analyze many LFC problems in the deregulated power grid. During this modeling, the Thyristor-Controlled Phase Shifters (TCPS) and Capacitive Energy Storage unit (CES) are placed in the tie line and its control space. To mitigate the various issues of LFC in a two-area deregulated hydrothermal power system, the CES–TCPS combination is placed between the two control areas and the transient performance of constant is evaluated. The WO controller will increase the system power size to focus on the better performance of low-frequency management tasks. In addition, the effectiveness of the WO algorithm in tuning the proportional integral controller is also compared in a different contract (unilateral, bilateral and contract violation cases) scenarios of the proposed deregulated power system. Finally, the simulation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink platform and the results obtained for the WO controller is compared with the normal and fuzzy PI controllers.

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Abbreviations

apf:

Area participation factor

cpf:

Contract participation factor

f :

System frequency

B :

Bias constant frequency

R :

Speed regulation parameter of governor

ΔQtie12 :

Power flow by net tie-line

K TCPS :

Gain constant TCPS

T T :

Turbine time constant

T 12 :

Synchronizing coefficient between areas by tie-line

K SMES :

Gain constant SMES

T SMES :

Time constant SMES

T P :

Power system equivalent time constant

T G :

Governor time constant

T TCPS :

Time constant TCPS

K Φ :

Gain constant TCPS

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Scholar, Electrical Engineering Department, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305004, India

    Rajiv Kumar

  2. Professor, Electrical Engineering Department, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305004, India

    V. K. Sharma

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  1. Rajiv Kumar
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Correspondence to Rajiv Kumar.

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Kumar, R., Sharma, V.K. Whale Optimization Controller for Load Frequency Control of a Two-Area Multi-source Deregulated Power System. Int. J. Fuzzy Syst. 22, 122–137 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40815-019-00761-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40815-019-00761-4

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