Abstract
In order to use biometric based authentication in banking domain, it is vital to secure biometric databases from unauthorized access. As we all know a biometric trait is immutable, thus if it is stolen it is lost forever. Therefore, securing biometric databases is a paramount concern in today’s digital World. In this paper, we have presented a comprehensive study of biometric template protection schemes majorly focusing on cancelable biometric techniques. Moreover, we have proposed a cancelable finger dorsal template generation network trained on trait specific features without using any pre-trained network framework. The highly discriminative features learned from our network are further hashed using BioHashing technique to generate cancelable finger dorsal templates. The experimental results are evaluated on two benchmark publicly available finger knuckle databases: PolyU FKP and PolyU Contactless FKI. We have also performed in depth security analysis of the proposed framework in terms of invertibility, revocability and unlinkability.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
(2006–2013) Polyu contact-less finger knuckle image database. http://www4.comp.polyu.edu.hk/~csajaykr/fn1.htm
(2009) Finger-knuckle-print polyu. http://www.comp.polyu.edu.hk/biometrics
(2011) ISO/IEC JTC1 SC27 security techniques, ISO/IEC 24745:2011. information technology—security techniques—biometric information protection, ISO
Abadi M (2015) TensorFlow: large-scale machine learning on heterogeneous systems. https://www.tensorflow.org/
Arjona R, Prada-Delgado MÁ, Baturone I, Ross A (2018) Securing minutia cylinder codes for fingerprints through physically unclonable functions: an exploratory study. International Conference on Biometrics, ICB 2018. Gold Coast, Australia, pp 54–60
Chikkerur S, Pankanti S, Jea A, Ratha NK, Bolle RM (2006) Fingerprint representation using localized texture features. 18th International conference on pattern recognition (ICPR 2006), 20–24 August 2006, Hong Kong, pp 521–524
Chin CS, Jin ATB, Ling DNC (2006) High security iris verification system based on random secret integration. Comput Vis Image Underst 102(2):169–177
Dwivedi R, Dey S, Singh R, Prasad A (2017) A privacy-preserving cancelable iris template generation scheme using decimal encoding and look-up table mapping. Comput Secur 65:373–386
Fan B, Andersen DG, Kaminsky M, Mitzenmacher M (2014) Cuckoo filter: practically better than bloom. In: Proceedings of the 10th ACM international on conference on emerging networking experiments and technologies, CoNEXT 2014, Sydney, December 2–5, 2014, pp 75–88
Farooq F, Bolle RM, Jea T, Ratha NK, (2007) Anonymous and revocable fingerprint recognition. In: 2007 IEEE Computer Society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR 2007), 18–23 June 2007. Minneapolis
Ganapathi II, Prakash S, Dave IR, Bakshi S (2020) Unconstrained ear detection using ensemble-based convolutional neural network model. Concurr Comput Pract Exp 32(1)
Gilbert AC, Zhang Y, Lee K, Zhang Y, Lee H (2017) Towards understanding the invertibility of convolutional neural networks. In: Proceedings of the twenty-sixth international joint conference on artificial intelligence, IJCAI, pp 1703–1710
Gomez-Barrero M, Galbally J, Rathgeb C, Busch C (2018) General framework to evaluate unlinkability in biometric template protection systems. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 13(6):1406–1420
Gomez-Barrero M, Rathgeb C, Li G, Raghavendra R, Galbally J, Busch C (2018) Multi-biometric template protection based on bloom filters. Inf Fusion 42:37–50
Goswami G, Agarwal A, Ratha NK, Singh R, Vatsa M (2019) Detecting and mitigating adversarial perturbations for robust face recognition. Int J Comput Vis 127(6–7):719–742
Hämmerle-Uhl J, Pschernig E, Uhl A (2009) Cancelable iris biometrics using block re-mapping and image warping. In: Information security, 12th international conference, ISC 2009, Pisa, September 7–9, 2009. Proceedings, pp 135–142
Hermans J, Mennink B, Peeters R (2014) When a bloom filter is a doom filter: Security assessment of a novel iris biometric template protection system. In: BIOSIG 2014—proceedings of the 13th international conference of the biometrics special interest group, 10–12 September 2014, Darmstadt, pp 63–74
Hu Y, Sirlantzis K, Howells G (2015) Exploiting stable and discriminative iris weight map for iris recognition under less constrained environment. In: IEEE 7th international conference on biometrics theory, applications and systems, BTAS 2015, Arlington, September 8–11, 2015, pp 1–8
Jain S, Nigam A, Gupta P (2013) Age-invariant face recognition using shape transformation. In: Intelligent computing theories—9th international conference, ICIC 2013, Nanning, July 28–31, 2013. Proceedings, pp 453–461
Jaswal G, Nigam A, Nath R (2017) Deepknuckle: revealing the human identity. Multimed Tools Appl 76(18):18955–18984
Jha RR, Thapar D, Patil SM, Nigam A (2017) Ubsegnet: unified biometric region of interest segmentation network. CoRR abs/1709.08924
Jin ATB, Ling DNC, Goh A (2004) Biohashing: two factor authentication featuring fingerprint data and tokenised random number. Pattern Recognit 37(11):2245–2255
Jin ATB, Toh K, Yip WK (2007) 2\({}^{{\text{N}}}\) discretisation of biophasor in cancellable biometrics. In: Advances in biometrics, international conference, ICB, pp 435–444
Jin Z, Hwang J, Lai Y, Kim S, Teoh ABJ (2018) Ranking-based locality sensitive hashing-enabled cancelable biometrics: index-of-max hashing. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 13(2):393–407
Johnson WB, Lindenstrauss J, Schechtman G (1986) Extensions of Lipschitz maps into Banach spaces. Isr J Math 54(2):129–138
Juefei-Xu F, Boddeti VN, Savvides M (2017) Local binary convolutional neural networks. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, CVPR, pp 4284–4293
Kaur H, Khanna P (2019) Random distance method for generating unimodal and multimodal cancelable biometric features. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 14(3):709–719
Kumar A (2014) Importance of being unique from finger dorsal patterns: exploring minor finger knuckle patterns in verifying human identities. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 9(8):1288–1298
Lacharme P, Cherrier E, Rosenberger C (2013) Preimage attack on biohashing. In: SECRYPT 2013—proceedings of the 10th international conference on security and cryptography, Reykjavík, 29–31 July, 2013, pp 363–370
Lai Y, Jin Z, Teoh ABJ, Goi B, Yap W, Chai T, Rathgeb C (2017) Cancellable iris template generation based on indexing-first-one hashing. Pattern Recognit 64:105–117
Liu K, Kargupta H, Ryan J (2006) Random projection-based multiplicative data perturbation for privacy preserving distributed data mining. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 18(1):92–106
Maiorana E, Campisi P, Fiérrez J, Ortega-Garcia J, Neri A (2010) Cancelable templates for sequence-based biometrics with application to on-line signature recognition. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Part A 40(3):525–538
Nigam A, Gupta P (2015) Designing an accurate hand biometric based authentication system fusing finger knuckleprint and palmprint. Neurocomputing 151:1120–1132
Nigam A, Khan P, Gupta P (2015) Fusion of palmprint and finger-knuckle-print for human personal recognition. In: IEEE symposium series on computational intelligence, SSCI 2015, Cape Town, December 7–10, 2015, pp 341–348
Nigam A, Kumar B, Triyar J, Gupta P (2015) Iris recognition using discrete cosine transform and relational measures. In: Computer analysis of images and patterns—16th international conference, CAIP 2015, Valletta, September 2–4, 2015, Proceedings, Part II, pp 506–517
Ouda O, Tsumura N, Nakaguchi T (2010) Tokenless cancelable biometrics scheme for protecting iris codes. In: International conference on pattern recognition, ICPR 2010, Istanbul, pp 882–885
Pillai JK, Patel VM, Chellappa R, Ratha NK (2010) Sectored random projections for cancelable iris biometrics. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech, and signal processing, ICASSP 2010, 14–19 March 2010, Sheraton Dallas Hotel, Dallas, pp 1838–1841
Prakash S, Gupta P (2014) Human recognition using 3d ear images. Neurocomputing 140:317–325
Raja K, Raghavendra R, Busch C (2019) Towards reducing the error rates in template protection for iris recognition using custom cuckoo filters. In: Proceedings of the international conference on identity, security and behavior analysis (ISBA), Hyderabad, January 22–24, pp 1–8
Raja KB, Raghavendra R, Venkatesh S, Busch C (2020) Morton filters for superior template protection for iris recognition. CoRR abs/2001.05290
Ratha NK, Chikkerur S, Connell JH, Bolle RM (2007) Generating cancelable fingerprint templates. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 29(4):561–572
Rathgeb C, Breitinger F, Busch C (2013) Alignment-free cancelable iris biometric templates based on adaptive bloom filters. In: International conference on biometrics. ICB, Madrid, pp 1–8
Rathgeb C, Baier H, Busch C, Breitinger F (2015) Towards bloom filter-based indexing of iris biometric data. In: International conference on biometrics, ICB 2015, Phuket, 19–22 May, 2015, pp 422–429
Rathgeb C, Gomez-Barrero M, Busch C, Galbally J, Fiérrez J (2015) Towards cancelable multi-biometrics based on bloom filters: a case study on feature level fusion of face and iris. In: 3rd International workshop on biometrics and forensics, IWBF 2015, Gjovik, March 3–4, 2015, pp 1–6
Rathgeb C, Gomez-Barrero M, Busch C, Galbally J, Fierrez J (2015) Towards cancelable multi-biometrics based on bloom filters: a case study on feature level fusion of face and iris. In: International workshop on biometrics and forensics (IWBF), pp 1–6
Rosenberger C (2018) Evaluation of biometric template protection schemes based on a transformation. In: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on information systems security and privacy, ICISSP, pp 216–224
Sadhya D, Raman B (2019) Generation of cancelable iris templates via randomized bit sampling. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 14(11):2972–2986
Sandhya M, Prasad MVNK (2017) Securing fingerprint templates using fused structures. IET Biom 6(3):173–182
Sun Z, Tan T (2009) Ordinal measures for iris recognition. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 31(12):2211–2226. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2008.240
Teoh ABJ, Ngo DCL (2006) Biophasor: Token supplemented cancellable biometrics. In: Ninth international conference on control, automation, robotics and vision, ICARCV 2006, Singapore, 5–8 December 2006, Proceedings, pp 1–5
Thapar D, Nigam A, Aggarwal D, Agarwal P (2018) Vgr-net: a view invariant gait recognition network. In: IEEE 4th International conference on identity, security, and behavior analysis, ISBA 2018, Singapore, January 11–12, 2018, pp 1–8
Thapar D, Jaswal G, Nigam A (2019) Fkimnet: A finger dorsal image matching network comparing component (major, minor and nail) matching with holistic (finger dorsal) matching. In: International joint conference on neural networks, IJCNN 2019 Budapest, July 14–19, 2019, pp 1–8
Thapar D, Jaswal G, Nigam A, Arora C (2019) Gait metric learning Siamese network exploiting dual of spatio-temporal 3d-cnn intra and LSTM based inter gait-cycle-segment features. Pattern Recognit Lett 125:646–653
Umer S, Dhara BC, Chanda B (2017) A novel cancelable iris recognition system based on feature learning techniques. Inf Sci 406:102–118
Vatsa M, Singh R, Noore A, Singh SK (2009) Combining pores and ridges with minutiae for improved fingerprint verification. Signal Process 89(12):2676–2685
Wang S, Hu J (2014) Design of alignment-free cancelable fingerprint templates via curtailed circular convolution. Pattern Recognit 47(3):1321–1329
Yang W, Wang S, Hu J, Zheng G, Valli C (2018) A fingerprint and finger-vein based cancelable multi-biometric system. Pattern Recognit 78:242–251
Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang D, Zhu H (2010) Online finger-knuckle-print verification for personal authentication. Pattern Recognit 43(7):2560–2571
Zhang N, Yang X, Zang Y, Jia X, Tian J (2013) Generating registration-free cancelable fingerprint templates based on minutia cylinder-code representation. In: IEEE sixth international conference on biometrics: theory. Applications and systems, BTAS, VA, pp 1–6
Zuo J, Ratha NK, Connell JH (2008) Cancelable iris biometric. In: 19th International conference on pattern recognition (ICPR 2008), December 8–11, 2008, Tampa, pp 1–4
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Singh, A., Arora, A., Jaswal, G. et al. Comprehensive survey on cancelable biometrics with novel case study on finger dorsal template protection. J BANK FINANC TECHNOL 4, 37–52 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42786-020-00016-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42786-020-00016-z