Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Chronic Pain in Adolescents: Physiological and Psychological Bases for Pain

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Adolescent Health Psychology

  • 5761 Accesses

Abstract

Chronic pain is a prevalent problem in adolescents, resulting in considerable disability across multiple domains. Several pain conditions—back, abdominal, and musculoskeletal pain—are seen frequently in clinical settings and are reviewed in detail in this chapter. The biopsychosocial model is widely used to conceptualize the pain experience and explains the genetic, biological, emotional, and environmental contributions to chronic pain. Emerging biological research provides insight into the heritability of pain conditions and the influence of stress on pain perception. Adolescent coping style and mood problems are one of many psychological factors that can impact adolescents with chronic pain. The social environment provides a context for better understanding pain-related impairment, with attention to the parental factors affecting adolescent adaptive or maladaptive adjustment to pain. A rehabilitative approach to pain management is recommended, and multidisciplinary treatment typically includes medication management, physical therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Apley, J., & Naish, N. (1958). Recurrent abdominal pains: A field survey of 1,000 school children. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 33(168), 165–170.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arnold, L. M., Hudson, J. I., Hess, E. V., Ware, A. E., Fritz, D. A., Auchenbach, M. B., et al. (2004). Family study of fibromyalgia. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 50(3), 944–952.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Balague, F., Skovron, M. L., Nordin, M., Dutoit, G., Pol, L. R., & Waldburger, M. (1995). Low back pain in schoolchildren. A study of familial and psychological factors. Spine, 20(11), 1265–1270.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Balague, F., Troussier, B., & Salminen, J. J. (1999). Non-specific low back pain in children and adolescents: Risk factors. European Spine Journal, 8(6), 429–438.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bradley, L., Haile, J., & Jaworski, T. (1992). Assessment of psychological status using interviews and self-report instruments. In D. C. Turk & R. Melzack (Eds.), Handbook of pain assessment (pp. 193–213). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burckhardt, C. S., Goldenberg, D. L., Crofford, L. J., Gerwin, R., Gowans, S., Jackson, K., et al. (2005). Guidelines for the management of fibromyalgia syndrome pain in adults and children (APS clinical practice guideline series, Vol. 4). Glenview, IL: American Pain Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, A., & Peper, E. (2002). Cumulative trauma disorder risk for children using computer products: Results of a pilot investigation with a student convenience sample. Public Health Reports, 117(4), 350–357.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burton, A. K., Clarke, R. D., McClune, T. D., & Tillotson, K. M. (1996). The natural history of low back pain in adolescents. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 21(20), 2323–2328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buskila, D., & Neumann, L. (1997). Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) and nonarticular tenderness in relatives of patients with FM. Journal of Rheumatology, 24(5), 941–944.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buskila, D., Press, J., Gedalia, A., Klein, M., Neumann, L., Boehm, R., et al. (1993). Assessment of nonarticular tenderness and prevalence of fibromyalgia in children. Journal of Rheumatology, 20(2), 368–370.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, C. M., & Edwards, R. R. (2009). Mind-body interactions in pain: The neurophysiology of anxious and catastrophic pain-related thoughts. Translational Research, 153(3), 97–101.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Campo, J. V., Bridge, J., Ehmann, M., Altman, S., Lucas, A., Birmaher, B., et al. (2004). Recurrent abdominal pain, anxiety, and depression in primary care. Pediatrics, 113(4), 817–824.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chitkara, D. K., Rawat, D. J., & Talley, N. J. (2005). The epidemiology of childhood recurrent abdominal pain in Western countries: A systematic review. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 100(8), 1868–1875.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Claar, R. L., Baber, K. F., Simons, L. E., Logan, D. E., & Walker, L. S. (2008). Pain coping profiles in adolescents with chronic pain. Pain, 140(2), 368–375.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Claar, R. L., & Walker, L. S. (2006). Functional assessment of pediatric pain patients: Psychometric properties of the functional disability inventory. Pain, 121(1–2), 77–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Conte, P. M., Walco, G. A., & Kimura, Y. (2003). Temperament and stress response in children with juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 48(10), 2923–2930.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Costello, E. J., Mustillo, S., Erkanli, A., Keeler, G., & Angold, A. (2003). Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(8), 837–844.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crombez, G., Bijttebier, P., Eccleston, C., Mascagni, T., Mertens, G., Goubert, L., et al. (2003). The child version of the pain catastrophizing scale (PCS-C): A preliminary validation. Pain, 104(3), 639–646.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, P. J., & Williams, H. J. (2008). The investigation and management of back pain in children. Archives of Disease in Childhood. Education and Practice Edition, 93(3), 73–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Inocencio, J. (2004). Epidemiology of musculoskeletal pain in primary care. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 89(5), 431–434.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Degotardi, P. J., Klass, E. S., Rosenberg, B. S., Fox, D. G., Gallelli, K. A., & Gottlieb, B. S. (2006). Development and evaluation of a cognitive-behavioral intervention for juvenile fibromyalgia. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 31(7), 714–723.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Diepenmaat, A. C., van der Wal, M. F., de Vet, H. C., & Hirasing, R. A. (2006). Neck/shoulder, low back, and arm pain in relation to computer use, physical activity, stress, and depression among Dutch adolescents. Pediatrics, 117(2), 412–416.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Engel, G. L. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. Science, 196(4286), 129–136.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fordyce, W. E., Fowler, R. S., & DeLateur, B. (1968). An application of behavior modification technique to a problem of chronic pain. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 6(1), 105–107.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gatchel, R. J. (2004). Comorbidity of chronic pain and mental health disorders: The biopsychosocial perspective. The American Psychologist, 59(8), 795–805.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gatchel, R. J., Peng, Y. B., Peters, M. L., Fuchs, P. N., & Turk, D. C. (2007). The biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain: Scientific advances and future directions. Psychological Bulletin, 133(4), 581–624.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gauntlett-Gilbert, J., & Eccleston, C. (2007). Disability in adolescents with chronic pain: Patterns and predictors across different domains of functioning. Pain, 131(1–2), 132–141.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gedalia, A., Garcia, C. O., Molina, J. F., Bradford, N. J., & Espinoza, L. R. (2000). Fibromyalgia syndrome: Experience in a pediatric rheumatology clinic. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 18(3), 415–419.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, J. E., & McGrath, P. J. (1991). The epidemiology of pain in children and adolescents: A review. Pain, 46(3), 247–264.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gracely, R. H., Geisser, M. E., Giesecke, T., Grant, M. A., Petzke, F., Williams, D. A., et al. (2004). Pain catastrophizing and neural responses to pain among persons with fibromyalgia. Brain, 127(Pt 4), 835–843.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gracely, R. H., McGrath, P., & Dubner, R. (1978). Validity and sensitivity of ratio scales of sensory and affective verbal pain descriptors: Manipulation of affect by diazepam. Pain, 5(1), 19–29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Groholt, E. K., Stigum, H., Nordhagen, R., & Kohler, L. (2003). Recurrent pain in children, socio-economic factors and accumulation in families. European Journal of Epidemiology, 18(10), 965–975.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guite, J. W., Logan, D. E., Sherry, D. D., & Rose, J. B. (2007). Adolescent self-perception: Associations with chronic musculoskeletal pain and functional disability. The Journal of Pain, 8(5), 379–386.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hamers, J. P., Abu-Saad, H. H., van den Hout, M. A., Halfens, R. J., & Kester, A. D. (1996). The influence of children’s vocal expressions, age, medical diagnosis and information obtained from parents on nurses’ pain assessments and decisions regarding interventions. Pain, 65(1), 53–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henschke, N., Ostelo, R. W. J. G., van Tulder, M. W., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., Morley, S., Assendelft, W. J. J., & Main, C. J. (2010). Behavioural treatment for chronic low-back pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 7, CD002014. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002014.pub3.

  • Hodgins, M. J., & Lander, J. (1997). Children’s coping with venipuncture. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 13(5), 274–285.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, B. M., Papas, R. K., Chatkoff, D. K., & Kerns, R. D. (2007). Meta-analysis of psychological interventions for chronic low back pain. Health Psychology, 26(1), 1–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holden, E. W., Gladstein, J., Trulsen, M., & Wall, B. (1994). Chronic daily headache in children and adolescents. Headache, 34(9), 508–514.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huertas-Ceballos, A. A., Logan, S., Bennett, C., & Macarthur, C. (2008). Psychosocial interventions for recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in childhood. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1, CD003014. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003014.pub2.

  • Huguet, A., & Miro, J. (2008). The severity of chronic pediatric pain: An epidemiological study. The Journal of Pain, 9(3), 226–236.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hyams, J. S., Burke, G., Davis, P. M., Rzepski, B., & Andrulonis, P. A. (1996). Abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome in adolescents: A community-based study. Journal of Pediatrics, 129(2), 220–226.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jamison, R. N., & Walker, L. S. (1992). Illness behavior in children of chronic pain patients. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 22(4), 329–342.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, G. T., & Macfarlane, G. J. (2005). Epidemiology of low back pain in children and adolescents. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 90(3), 312–316.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, M. A., Stratton, G., Reilly, T., & Unnithan, V. B. (2004). A school-based survey of recurrent non-specific low-back pain prevalence and consequences in children. Health Education Research, 19(3), 284–289.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, G. T., Watson, K. D., Silman, A. J., Symmons, D. P., & Macfarlane, G. J. (2003). Predictors of low back pain in British schoolchildren: A population-based prospective cohort study. Pediatrics, 111(4 Pt 1), 822–828.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaczynski, K. J., Claar, R. L., & Logan, D. E. (2009). Testing gender as a moderator of associations between psychosocial variables and functional disability in children and adolescents with chronic pain. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 34(7), 738–748.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kashikar-Zuck, S., Goldschneider, K. R., Powers, S. W., Vaught, M. H., & Hershey, A. D. (2001). Depression and functional disability in chronic pediatric pain. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 17(4), 341–349.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kashikar-Zuck, S., Lynch, A. M., Graham, T. B., Swain, N. F., Mullen, S. M., & Noll, R. B. (2007). Social functioning and peer relationships of adolescents with juvenile fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 57(3), 474–480.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kashikar-Zuck, S., Lynch, A. M., Slater, S., Graham, T. B., Swain, N. F., & Noll, R. B. (2008). Family factors, emotional functioning, and functional impairment in juvenile fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 59(10), 1392–1398.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kashikar-Zuck, S., Parkins, I. S., Graham, T. B., Lynch, A. M., Passo, M., Johnston, M., et al. (2008). Anxiety, mood, and behavioral disorders among pediatric patients with juvenile fibromyalgia syndrome. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 24(7), 620–626.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kashikar-Zuck, S., Parkins, I. S., Ting, T. V., Verkamp, E., Lynch-Jordan, A., Passo, M., et al. (2010). Controlled follow-up study of physical and psychosocial functioning of adolescents with juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 49(11), 2204–2209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kashikar-Zuck, S., Swain, N. F., Jones, B. A., & Graham, T. B. (2005). Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral intervention for juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome. Journal of Rheumatology, 32(8), 1594–1602.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kashikar-Zuck, S., Ting, T. V., Arnold, L. M., Bean, J., Powers, S. W., Graham, T. B., et al. (2012). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of juvenile fibromyalgia. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 64(1), 297–305.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Knook, L. M., Konijnenberg, A. Y., van der Hoeven, J., Kimpen, J. L., Buitelaar, J. K., van Engeland, H., et al. (2011). Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents presenting with unexplained chronic pain: What is the prevalence and clinical relevancy? European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 20(1), 39–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kokkonen, J., Haapalahti, M., Tikkanen, S., Karttunen, R., & Savilahti, E. (2004). Gastrointestinal complaints and diagnosis in children: A population-based study. Acta Paediatrica, 93(7), 880–886.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Konijnenberg, A. Y., Uiterwaal, C. S., Kimpen, J. L., van der Hoeven, J., Buitelaar, J. K., & de Graeff-Meeder, E. R. (2005). Children with unexplained chronic pain: Substantial impairment in everyday life. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 90(7), 680–686.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kovacs, F. M., Gestoso, M., Gil del Real, M. T., Lopez, J., Mufraggi, N., & Mendez, J. I. (2003). Risk factors for non-specific low back pain in schoolchildren and their parents: A population based study. Pain, 103(3), 259–268.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Latremoliere, A., & Woolf, C. J. (2009). Central sensitization: A generator of pain hypersensitivity by central neural plasticity. The Journal of Pain, 10(9), 895–926.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, M. C., & Tracey, I. (2010). Unravelling the mystery of pain, suffering, and relief with brain imaging. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 14(2), 124–131.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liakopoulou-Kairis, M., Alifieraki, T., Protagora, D., Korpa, T., Kondyli, K., Dimosthenous, E., et al. (2002). Recurrent abdominal pain and headache—psychopathology, life events and family functioning. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 11(3), 115–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Logan, D. E., Simons, L. E., & Kaczynski, K. J. (2009). School functioning in adolescents with chronic pain: The role of depressive symptoms in school impairment. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 34(8), 882–892.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch, A. M., Kashikar-Zuck, S., Goldschneider, K. R., & Jones, B. A. (2006). Psychosocial risks for disability in children with chronic back pain. The Journal of Pain, 7(4), 244–251.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch, A. M., Kashikar-Zuck, S., Goldschneider, K. R., & Jones, B. A. (2007). Sex and age differences in coping styles among children with chronic pain. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 33(2), 208–216.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch-Jordan, A. M., Kashikar-Zuck, S., & Goldschneider, K. R. (2010). Parent perceptions of adolescent pain expression: The adolescent pain behavior questionnaire. Pain, 151(3), 834–842.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maletic, V., & Raison, C. L. (2009). Neurobiology of depression, fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain. Frontiers in Bioscience, 14, 5291–5338.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malleson, P. N., al-Matar, M., & Petty, R. E. (1992). Idiopathic musculoskeletal pain syndromes in children. Journal of Rheumatology, 19(11), 1786–1789.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Melzack, R. (2005). Evolution of the neuromatrix theory of pain. The Prithvi Raj Lecture: Presented at the third World Congress of World Institute of Pain, Barcelona 2004. Pain Practice, 5(2), 85–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Melzack, R., & Wall, P. D. (1965). Pain mechanisms: A new theory. Science, 150(699), 971–979.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Merlijn, V. P., Hunfeld, J. A., van der Wouden, J. C., Hazebroek-Kampschreur, A. A., Koes, B. W., & Passchier, J. (2003). Psychosocial factors associated with chronic pain in adolescents. Pain, 101(1–2), 33–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Merskey, H., & Bogduk, N. (Eds.). (1994). Classification of chronic pain: Descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms (2nd ed.). Seattle, WA: IASP Task Force on Taxonomy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mikkelsson, M. (1999). One year outcome of preadolescents with fibromyalgia. Journal of Rheumatology, 26(3), 674–682.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mogil, J. S., Sternberg, W. F., Marek, P., Sadowski, B., Belknap, J. K., & Liebeskind, J. C. (1996). The genetics of pain and pain inhibition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 93(7), 3048–3055.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olsen, T. L., Anderson, R. L., Dearwater, S. R., Kriska, A. M., Cauley, J. A., Aaron, D. J., et al. (1992). The epidemiology of low back pain in an adolescent population. American Journal of Public Health, 82(4), 606–608.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Osborne, R. B., Hatcher, J. W., & Richtsmeier, A. J. (1989). The role of social modeling in unexplained pediatric pain. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 14(1), 43–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oster, J. (1972). Recurrent abdominal pain, headache and limb pains in children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 50, 429–436.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Osterhaus, S. O., Lange, A., Linssen, W. H., & Passchier, J. (1997). A behavioral treatment of young migrainous and nonmigrainous headache patients: Prediction of treatment success. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4(4), 378–396.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palermo, T. M., & Chambers, C. T. (2005). Parent and family factors in pediatric chronic pain and disability: An integrative approach. Pain, 119(1–3), 1–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perquin, C. W., Hazebroek-Kampschreur, A. A., Hunfeld, J. A., Bohnen, A. M., van Suijlekom-Smit, L. W., Passchier, J., et al. (2000). Pain in children and adolescents: A common experience. Pain, 87(1), 51–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perquin, C. W., Hunfeld, J. A., Hazebroek-Kampschreur, A. A., van Suijlekom-Smit, L. W., Passchier, J., Koes, B. W., et al. (2003). The natural course of chronic benign pain in childhood and adolescence: A two-year population-based follow-up study. European Journal of Pain, 7(6), 551–559.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, C. C., & Palermo, T. M. (2004). Parental reinforcement of recurrent pain: The moderating impact of child depression and anxiety on functional disability. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 29(5), 331–341.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ramchandani, P. G., Stein, A., Hotopf, M., & Wiles, N. J. (2006). Early parental and child predictors of recurrent abdominal pain at school age: Results of a large population-based study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(6), 729–736.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reid, G. J., Gilbert, C. A., & McGrath, P. J. (1998). The Pain Coping Questionnaire: Preliminary validation. Pain, 76(1–2), 83–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reid, G. J., Lang, B. A., & McGrath, P. J. (1997). Primary juvenile fibromyalgia: Psychological adjustment, family functioning, coping, and functional disability. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 40(4), 752–760.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Revicki, D. A., Chen, W. H., Harnam, N., Cook, K. F., Amtmann, D., Callahan, L. F., et al. (2009). Development and psychometric analysis of the PROMIS pain behavior item bank. Pain, 146(1–2), 158–169.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rickard, K. (1988). The occurrence of maladaptive health-related behaviors and teacher-rated conduct problems in children of chronic low back pain patients. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 11(2), 107–116.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robins, P. M., Smith, S. M., Glutting, J. J., & Bishop, C. T. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioral family intervention for pediatric recurrent abdominal pain. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 30(5), 397–408.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roth-Isigkeit, A., Thyen, U., Raspe, H. H., Stoven, H., & Schmucker, P. (2004). Reports of pain among German children and adolescents: An epidemiological study. Acta Paediatrica, 93(2), 258–263.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rushton, J. L., Forcier, M., & Schectman, R. M. (2002). Epidemiology of depressive symptoms in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(2), 199–205.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saito, Y. A., Mitra, N., & Mayer, E. A. (2010). Genetic approaches to functional gastrointestinal disorders. Gastroenterology, 138(4), 1276–1285.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salminen, J. J., Pentti, J., & Terho, P. (1992). Low back pain and disability in 14-year-old schoolchildren. Acta Paediatrica, 81(12), 1035–1039.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schanberg, L. E., Keefe, F. J., Lefebvre, J. C., Kredich, D. W., & Gil, K. M. (1998). Social context of pain in children with Juvenile Primary Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Parental pain history and family environment. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 14(2), 107–115.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scharff, L., Langan, N., Rotter, N., Scott-Sutherland, J., Schenck, C., Tayor, N., et al. (2005). Psychological, behavioral, and family characteristics of pediatric patients with chronic pain: A 1-year retrospective study and cluster analysis. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 21(5), 432–438.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seminowicz, D. A., & Davis, K. D. (2006). Cortical responses to pain in healthy individuals depends on pain catastrophizing. Pain, 120(3), 297–306.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaffer, D., Fisher, P., Dulcan, M. K., Davies, M., Piacentini, J., Schwab-Stone, M. E., et al. (1996). The NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version 2.3 (DISC-2.3): Description, acceptability, prevalence rates, and performance in the MECA Study. Methods for the Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders Study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35(7), 865–877.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, D. M., Janeway, D., & Baum, J. (1998). Fibromyalgia syndrome in children and adolescents: Clinical features at presentation and status at follow-up. Pediatrics, 101(3 Pt 1), 377–382.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sjolie, A. N. (2002). Psychosocial correlates of low-back pain in adolescents. European Spine Journal, 11(6), 582–588.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spee, L. A., van den Hurk, A. P., van Leeuwen, Y., Benninga, M. A., Bierma-Zeinstra, S. M., Passchier, J., et al. (2010). Childhood abdominal pain in primary care: Design and patient selection of the HONEUR abdominal pain cohort. BMC Family Practice, 11, 27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spirito, A., Stark, L. J., Gil, K. M., & Tyc, V. L. (1995). Coping with everyday and disease-related stressors by chronically ill children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34(3), 283–290.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stanford, E. A., Chambers, C. T., Biesanz, J. C., & Chen, E. (2008). The frequency, trajectories and predictors of adolescent recurrent pain: A population-based approach. Pain, 138(1), 11–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taimela, S., Kujala, U. M., Salminen, J. J., & Viljanen, T. (1997). The prevalence of low back pain among children and adolescents. A nationwide, cohort-based questionnaire survey in Finland. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 22(10), 1132–1136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tesler, M. D., Holzemer, W. L., & Savedra, M. C. (1998). Pain behaviors: Postsurgical responses of children and adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 13(1), 41–47.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas Cheng, H. (2010). Spinal cord mechanisms of chronic pain and clinical implications. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 14(3), 213–220.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Troussier, B., Davoine, P., de Gaudemaris, R., Fauconnier, J., & Phelip, X. (1994). Back pain in school children. A study among 1178 pupils. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 26(3), 143–146.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Tulder, M. W., Ostelo, R., Vlaeyen, J. W., Linton, S. J., Morley, S. J., & Assendelft, W. J. (2001). Behavioral treatment for chronic low back pain: A systematic review within the framework of the Cochrane Back Review Group. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 26(3), 270–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Viry, P., Creveuil, C., & Marcelli, C. (1999). Nonspecific back pain in children. Revue Du Rhumatisme [English Edition], 66, 381–388.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, L. S., Baber, K. F., Garber, J., & Smith, C. A. (2008). A typology of pain coping strategies in pediatric patients with chronic abdominal pain. Pain, 137(2), 266–275.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, L. S., Claar, R. L., & Garber, J. (2002). Social consequences of children’s pain: When do they encourage symptom maintenance? Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 27(8), 689–698.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, L. S., Garber, J., & Greene, J. W. (1993). Psychosocial correlates of recurrent childhood pain: A comparison of pediatric patients with recurrent abdominal pain, organic illness, and psychiatric disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102(2), 248–258.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, L. S., & Greene, J. W. (1991). The functional disability inventory: Measuring a neglected dimension of child health status. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 16(1), 39–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, L. S., Levy, R. L., & Whitehead, W. E. (2006). Validation of a measure of protective parent responses to children’s pain. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 22(8), 712–716.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, L. S., Lipani, T. A., Greene, J. W., Caines, K., Stutts, J., Polk, D. B., et al. (2004). Recurrent abdominal pain: Symptom subtypes based on the Rome II criteria for pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 38(2), 187–191.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wall, B. A., Holden, E. W., & Gladstein, J. (1996). Parent responses to pediatric headache. Headache, 37, 65–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe, F., Smythe, H. A., Yunus, M. B., Bennett, R. M., Bombardier, C., Goldenberg, D. L., et al. (1990). The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia. Report of the Multicenter Criteria Committee. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 33(2), 160–172.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Youssef, N. N., Atienza, K., Langseder, A. L., & Strauss, R. S. (2008). Chronic abdominal pain and depressive symptoms: Analysis of the national longitudinal study of adolescent health. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 6(3), 329–332.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yunus, M. B. (1998). Genetic factors in fibromyalgia syndrome. Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie, 57(Suppl 2), 61–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yunus, M. B., Khan, M. A., Rawlings, K. K., Green, J. R., Olson, J. M., & Shah, S. (1999). Genetic linkage analysis of multicase families with fibromyalgia syndrome. Journal of Rheumatology, 26(2), 408–412.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yunus, M. B., & Masi, A. T. (1985). Juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome. A clinical study of thirty-three patients and matched normal controls. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 28(2), 138–145.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Departments of Pediatrics and Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 3015, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA

    Anne M. Lynch-Jordan Ph.D. & Susmita Kashikar-Zuck Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Anne M. Lynch-Jordan Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Susmita Kashikar-Zuck Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anne M. Lynch-Jordan Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, MS 0296, Reno, 89557-0062, New York, USA

    William T. O'Donohue

  2. , Department of Psychology, MS 0296, University of Nevada, Reno, North Virginia Street, Reno, 89557, Nevada, USA

    Lorraine T. Benuto

  3. , Integration Services, Aurora Mental Health Center, 11059 East Bethany Drive, Suite 105, Aurora, 80014, Colorado, USA

    Lauren Woodward Tolle

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lynch-Jordan, A.M., Kashikar-Zuck, S. (2013). Chronic Pain in Adolescents: Physiological and Psychological Bases for Pain. In: O'Donohue, W., Benuto, L., Woodward Tolle, L. (eds) Handbook of Adolescent Health Psychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6633-8_44

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation