Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Feasibility of Using Steel Bracings for Seismic Retrofitting of RC School Buildings

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
INCREaSE 2019 (INCREaSE 2019)

Abstract

Since 1983, schools were designed to sustain earthquakes in the region of Algarve (Portugal), according to the Portuguese national seismic code (RSAEEP), which is still mandatory. There is also the possibility of using the national annex of Eurocode 8 (EC8), which is the NP EN 1998-1:2010, to design new buildings. According to the EC8, school buildings are classified in importance class III, relating to the consequences associated with an eventual collapse, namely to a high incidence of persons. Therefore, the EC8 establish a higher return period, and consequently a more demanding seismic action for these buildings, which is not considered in the RSAEEP. This is one of the reasons why school buildings that were built in the last decades probably do not comply to the more recent EC8 seismic security levels. In this context, seismic retrofitting solutions that upgrade the seismic security level should be tested. In this work, the seismic assessment of a reinforced concrete (RC) primary school building is presented, and the effect of the addiction of steel bracings is studied (using a pushover analysis), in the context of the PERSISTAH project, which aims to assess the seismic risk of primary school buildings in Algarve (Portugal) and Huelva (Spain).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Chester, D.K., Chester, O.K.: The impact of eighteenth century earthquakes on the Algarve region, southern Portugal. Geogr. J. 176, 350–370 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4959.2010.00367.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. RSCCS: Regulamento de segurança das construções contra os sismos. Decreto n. 41 658, de 31 de Maio de 1958. Imprensa Nacional, Lisboa (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  3. RSEP: Regulamento de solicitações em edifícios e pontes. Decreto nº 44 041, de 18 de Novembro de 1961. Imprensa Nacional, Lisboa (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  4. RSAEEP: Regulamento de segurança e acções para estruturas de edifícios e pontes. Decreto-Lei nº 235/83, de 31 de Maio. Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda, E.P., Lisboa (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  5. IPQ: NP EN 1998-1. Eurocódigo 8: Projecto de estruturas para resistência aos sismos. Parte 1: Regras gerais, acções sísmicas e regras para edifícios. Instituto Português da Qualidade, Caparica, Portugal (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Sugano, S.: Seismic rehabilitation of existing concrete buildings in Japan. In: 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (12WCEE), pp. 1–8, Paper 2324. New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering, New Zealand (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  7. EERI: The Boumerdes, Algeria, Earthquake of 21 May 2003. Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Di Ludovico, M., Digrisolo, A., Moroni, C., Graziotti, F., Manfredi, V., Prota, A., Dolce, M., Manfredi, G.: Remarks on damage and response of school buildings after the Central Italy earthquake sequence. Bull. Earthq. Eng. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-0332-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Alberto, Y., Otsubo, M., Kyokawa, H., Kiyota, T., Towhata, I.: Reconnaissance of the 2017 Puebla, Mexico earthquake. Soils Found. 58, 1073–1092 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2018.06.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Estêvão, J.M.C., Ferreira, M.A., Morales-Esteban, A., Martínez-Álvarez, F., Fazendeiro-Sá, L., Requena-García-Cruz, V., Segovia-Verjel, M.L., Oliveira, C.S.: Earthquake resilient schools in Algarve (Portugal) and Huelva (Spain). In: 16th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering (16ECEE), pp. 1–11, Paper 11214 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Requena-García-Cruz, M.-V., Morales-Esteban, A., Durand-Neyra, P., Estêvão, J.M.C.: An index-based method for evaluating seismic retrofitting techniques. Application to a reinforced concrete primary school in Huelva. PLoS One 14, e0215120 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. REBAPE: Regulamento de estruturas de betão armado e pré-esforçado. Decreto-Lei nº 349-C/83, de 30 de Julho. Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda, E.P., Lisboa (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  13. IPQ: NP EN 1992-1-1. Eurocódigo 2: Projecto de estruturas de betão armado. Parte 1-1: Regras gerais e regras para edifícios. Instituto Português da Qualidade, Caparica, Portugal (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Cross, H.: Analysis of continuous frames by distributing fixed-end moments. Trans. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 96, 1–10 (1932)

    Google Scholar 

  15. El-Betar, S.A.: Seismic vulnerability evaluation of existing R.C. buildings. HBRC J. 14, 189–197 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2016.09.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Michel, C., Hannewald, P., Lestuzzi, P., Fäh, D., Husen, S.: Probabilistic mechanics-based loss scenarios for school buildings in Basel (Switzerland). Bull. Earthq. Eng. 15, 1471–1496 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-016-0025-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. O’Reilly, G.J., Perrone, D., Fox, M., Monteiro, R., Filiatrault, A.: Seismic assessment and loss estimation of existing school buildings in Italy. Eng. Struct. 168, 142–162 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.04.056

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Computers & Structures, I.: SAP 2000 – Structural Software for Analysis and Design V18 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  19. IPQ: NP EN 1991-1-1. Eurocódigo 1: Acções em estruturas. Parte 1: Acções gerais. Pesos volúmicos, pesos próprios, sobrecargas em edifícios. Instituto Português da Qualidade, Caparica, Portugal (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Estêvão, J.M.C.: Utilização do programa EC8spec na avaliação e reforço sísmico de edifícios do Algarve. In: 10º Congresso Nacional de Sismologia e Engenharia Sísmica, pp. 1–11, CD25. LREC (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  21. IPQ: NP EN 1998-3. Eurocódigo 8: Projecto de estruturas para resistência aos sismos. Parte 3: Avaliação e reabilitação de edifícios. Instituto Português da Qualidade, Caparica, Portugal (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  22. CEN: Structural steel I and H sections. Tolerances on shape and dimensions. EN 10034:1993. Comité Européen de Normalisation (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Hechler, O., Axmann, G., Donnay, B.: The right choice of steel – according to the Eurocode. In: Petzek, E., Băncilă, R. (eds.) Economical Bridge Solutions Based on Innovative Composite Dowels and Integrated Abutments: Ecobridge, pp. 21–43. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06417-4_2

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors want to thank the INTERREG-POCTEP España-Portugal program and the European Regional Development Fund through the 0313_PERSISTAH_5_P project.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    Vitor Barreto & João M. C. Estêvão

Authors
  1. Vitor Barreto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. João M. C. Estêvão
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vitor Barreto .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    Jânio Monteiro

  2. Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    António João Silva

  3. Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    António Mortal

  4. Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    Jaime Aníbal

  5. Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    Manuela Moreira da Silva

  6. Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    Miguel Oliveira

  7. Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    Nelson Sousa

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Barreto, V., Estêvão, J.M.C. (2020). Feasibility of Using Steel Bracings for Seismic Retrofitting of RC School Buildings. In: Monteiro, J., et al. INCREaSE 2019. INCREaSE 2019. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30938-1_88

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30938-1_88

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-30937-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-30938-1

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation