Abstract
One of the most significant challenges for machine learning nowadays is the discovery of causal relationships from data. This causal discovery is commonly performed using Bayesian like algorithms. However, more recently, more and more causal discovery algorithms have appeared that do not fall into this category. In this paper, we present a new algorithm that explores global causal association rules with Uncertainty Coefficient. Our algorithm, CRPA-UC, is a global structure discovery approach that combines the advantages of association mining with causal discovery and can be applied to binary and non-binary discrete data. This approach was compared to the PC algorithm using several well-known data sets, using several metrics.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
Two variables are directly associated if a statistical test (for example
) finds them associated.
- 2.
The data set is available in https://tinyurl.com/gitbub.
- 3.
Data set with 10 000 instances generated based on the network available in http://www.bnlearn.com/.
- 4.
- 5.
- 6.
- 7.
- 8.
References
Agrawal, R., Srikant, R., et al.: Fast algorithms for mining association rules. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, VLDB, pp. 487–499 (1994)
Agresti, A.: Categorical Data Analysis, vol. 482. Wiley, Hoboken (2003)
Cochran, W.G.: Some methods for strengthening the common \(\chi \) 2 tests. Biometrics 10(4), 417–451 (1954)
Dor, D., Tarsi, M.: A simple algorithm to construct a consistent extension of a partially oriented graph. Technicial report R-185, Cognitive Systems Laboratory, UCLA (1992)
Ehring, D.: Causation and Persistence: A Theory of Causation. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1997)
Jin, Z., Li, J., Liu, L., Le, T.D., Sun, B., Wang, R.: Discovery of causal rules using partial association. In: Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, ICDM, pp. 309–318 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDM.2012.36
Korb, K.B., Nicholson, A.E.: Bayesian Artificial Intelligence. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2010)
Landis, J.R., Heyman, E.R., Koch, G.G.: Average partial association in three-way contingency tables: a review and discussion of alternative tests. Int. Stat. Rev. 46(3), 237 (2006). https://doi.org/10.2307/1402373
Li, J., et al.: From observational studies to causal rule mining. ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol. (TIST) 7(2), 14 (2016)
Li, J., Liu, L., Le, T.D.: Causal rule discovery with partial association test. In: Practical Approaches to Causal Relationship Exploration. SECE, pp. 33–50. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14433-7_4
Manimaran, J., Velmurugan, T.: Implementing association rules in medical diagnosis test data, December 2015
Mantel, N.: Chi-square tests with one degree of freedom; extensions of the Mantel-Haenszel procedure. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 58(303), 690–700 (1963)
Peters, J., Bühlmann, P.: Structural intervention distance for evaluating causal graphs. Neural Comput. 27(3), 771–799 (2015)
Samothrakis, S., Perez, D., Lucas, S.: Training gradient boosting machines using curve-fitting and information-theoretic features for causal direction detection. In: Guyon, I., Statnikov, A., Batu, B.B. (eds.) Cause Effect Pairs in Machine Learning. TSSCML, pp. 331–338. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21810-2_11
Spirtes, P., Glymour, C., Scheines, R.: Causation, Prediction, and Search, vol. 81. Springer, New York (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2748-9
Theil, H.: On the estimation of relationships involving qualitative variables. Am. J. Sociol. 76(1), 103–154 (1970)
Theil, H.: Statistical decomposition analysis; with applications in the social and administrative sciences. Technical report (1972)
Yu, K., Li, J., Liu, L.: A review on algorithms for constraint-based causal discovery, pp. 1–17 (2016)
Zhang, X., Baral, C., Kim, S.: An algorithm to learn causal relations between genes from steady state data: simulation and its application to melanoma dataset. In: Miksch, S., Hunter, J., Keravnou, E.T. (eds.) AIME 2005. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3581, pp. 524–534. Springer, Heidelberg (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/11527770_69
Acknowledgments
This research was carried out in the context of the project FailStopper (DSAIPA/DS/0086/2018) and supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal for the PhD Grant SFRH/BD/146197/2019.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Nogueira, A.R., Ferreira, C., Gama, J., Pinto, A. (2021). Generalised Partial Association in Causal Rules Discovery. In: Marreiros, G., Melo, F.S., Lau, N., Lopes Cardoso, H., Reis, L.P. (eds) Progress in Artificial Intelligence. EPIA 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12981. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86230-5_38
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86230-5_38
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-86229-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-86230-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)