Abstract
Treatment of wastewater pollution is a critical issue in the context of growing population and industrialization. Actual treatment methods are expensive and not fully effective and rely on fossil fuel-derived chemicals, thus calling for alternative adsorption methods on natural materials such as hemp. Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa Linn) is a high-yielding annual industrial crop harvested for its fiber from the stem and its oil from the seeds. Hemp is a multi-purpose plant with great potential because of its many uses, such as building materials, textiles, paper, food and beverage, automotive, cosmetics, and medicine. Wastewater treatment is another innovative application. Indeed, the past decade has shown an explosion in the study of hemp-based materials for the biosorption of metal ions from effluents, demonstrating that industrial hemp is one of the most promising materials for environmental applications. Hemp products can be used as biosorbents in granular or felt forms or to prepare non-conventional activated carbons, both used in biosorption-oriented processes. In this chapter, after a brief description of biosorption, the use of different types of hemp-based materials that can be used as pollutant biosorbents is described.
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Abbreviations
- ATR-FTIR:
-
Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared
- BTCA:
-
1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid
- CPMAS:
-
Cross-polarization magic angle spinning
- EDX:
-
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- FT-IR:
-
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
- IEC:
-
Ion-exchange capacity
- MALTO:
-
Maltodextrin
- NMR:
-
Nuclear magnetic resonance
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscopy
- XPS:
-
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- XRD:
-
X-ray diffraction
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Acknowledgments
Nadia Morin-Crini and Grégorio Crini thank Région Bourgogne Franche-Comté (France), Silac Industrie (Champlitte, France), Eurochanvre (Arc-les-Gray, France) and FEDER (Fonds Européen de Développement Régional) for financial support (FINEAU network—Program: “Plant-based cellulosic materials for wastewater treatment,” 2020–2024). The doctoral student Chiara Mongioví also thanks the Région Bourgogne Franche-Comté (France) for awarding her a research grant. Grégorio Crini thanks Rolland Morin (Les Hays, France) for designing the equipment used for the adsorption tests. Aleksandra Ivanovska and Mirjana Kostić acknowledge the support of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Contract No. 451-03-68/2020-14/200135). Ana Rita Lado Ribeiro (Porto, Portugal) acknowledges the support from Projects: PTDC/QUI-QAN/30521/2017—POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030521—funded by FEDER funds through COMPETE2020—Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) and by national funds (PIDDAC) through FCT/MCTES; Base Funding—UIDB/50020/2020 of the Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM—funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC); and FCT funding under DL57/2016 Transitory Norm Programme.
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Mongioví, C. et al. (2022). Hemp-Based Materials for Applications in Wastewater Treatment by Biosorption-Oriented Processes: A Review. In: Agrawal, D.C., Kumar, R., Dhanasekaran, M. (eds) Cannabis/Hemp for Sustainable Agriculture and Materials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8778-5_9
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