Abstract
In order to represent legal knowledge adequately, it is vital to create a formal device that can freely construct an individual concept directly from a predicate expression. For this purpose, a Compound Predicate Formula (CPF) is formulated for use in legal expert systems. In this paper, we willattempt to explain the nature of CPFs by rigorous logical foundation, i.e., establishing their syntax and semantics precisely through the use of appropriate examples. We note the advantages of our system over other such systems and discuss the significance of CPFs with regard to the formalization of legal reasonings using examples from the United Nations Convention for the International Sale of Goods.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Davidson, D. (1980). The Logical Form of Action Sentences. In Davidson, D. (ed.) Essays on Actions and Events, 105–122. Oxford University Press: New York.
Ebbinghaus, H.D., Flum, J. & Thomas, W. (1984). Mathematical Logic. Springer-Verlag: New York.
Gupta, A. (1980). The Logic of Common Noun. Yale University Press: New Haven.
Leisenring, A.C. (1969). Mathematical Logic and Hilbert's ε-symbol. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers: New York.
Lloyd, J. (1987). Foundations of Logic Programming. Springer-Verlag: Berlin.
McCarty, T. (1989). A Language For Legal Discourse I. Basic Features. In Proceedings of The Second International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, 180–189. The Association for Computing Machinery.
McCarty, T. & van der Meyden, R. (1992). Reasoning about Indefinite Actions. In Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning. Proceedings of the Third International Conference (KR92), 59–70. Morgan Kaufmann: Los Altos.
Rödig, J. (1972). Über die Notwendigkeit einer besonderen Logik der Normen. In Albert, H. et al. (eds.) Rechtstheorie als Grundlagenwissenschaft der Rechtwissenschaft, Jahrbuch für Rechtssoziologie und Rechtstheorie Bd. 2, 163–185. Bertelmann Universitätsverlag: Düsseldorf.
Sakurai, S. & Yoshino, H. (1993). Identification of Implicit Legal Requirements with Legal Abstract Knowledge. In Proceedings of The Fourth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, 298–305. Association for Computing Machinery: Amsterdam.
Yoshino, H. (1978). Über die Notwendigkeit einer besonderen Normenlogik als Methode der juristischen Logik. In Klug, U. et al. (eds.) Gesetzgebungstheorie, Jurisitische Logik, Zivil-und Prozeßrecht (Gedächtnisschricht für Jürgen Rödig), 140–161. Springer-Verlag: Berlin.
Yoshino, H. (1994). Representation of Legal Knowledge by Compound Predicate Formula. In Pre-Proceedings of the Workshop on Legal Application of Logic Programming (ICLP '94), 128–137.
Yoshino, H. (1995). Systematization of Legal Meta-inference. In Proceedings of The Fifth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, 266–275. Association for Computing Machinery: Maryland.
Yoshino, H. & Kitahara M. (1988). LES-Project. In Fielder, H. et al. (eds.) Expert Systems in Law (Neue Methoden im Recht Band 4), 47–65. Attempto Verlag: Tübingen.
Yoshino, H. & Kakuta, T. (1992). The Knowledge Representation of Legal Expert System LES-3.3 with Legal Meta-inference. In Yoshino, H. (ed.) Legal Knowledge and Legal Reasoning Systems (Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium of Legal Expert System Association), LESA, 1–9. Legal Expert System Association: Tokyo.
Yoshino, H. et al. (1987). Legal Expert System Les-2. In Wada, E. (ed.) Logic Programming '86, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 264, 36ff, Springer-Verlag: Berlin.
Yoshino, H. et al. (1993). Towards a Legal Analogical Reasoning System Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Methods. In Proceedings of The Fourth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, 110–116. Association for Computing Machinery: Amsterdam.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yoshino, H. On the Logical Foundations of Compound Predicate Formulae for Legal Knowledge Representation. Artificial Intelligence and Law 5, 77–96 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008289826410
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008289826410