Abstract
Diagnostic support systems that help solving problems in open and weak theory domains need to be context-sensitive in order to reveal flexible and efficient behaviour. This paper presents a task-oriented methodology for analysing and modeling contextual knowledge at the knowledge level. We present a context-sensitive diagnosis approach (ConSID) which clarifies the connection between content and process knowledge. The former embodies the domain model, while the latter embodies the task and method models. We present a prototypical system, the ConSID-Creek, that applies the ConSID approach to the medical diagnostic domain. We illustrate how the system integrates case-based and explanation-based reasoning paradigms when realizing the abductive subtask of the overall diagnostic task.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. Newell, “The knowledge level,” Artificial Intelligence, vol. 18, pp. 87–127, 1982.
L. Steels, “Components of expertise,” AI Magazine, vol. 11,no. 2, pp. 30–49, 1990.
B. Chandrasekaran, “Task-structure analysis for knowledge modeling,” Communications of the ACM, vol. 35,no. 9, pp. 124–137, 1992.
H.S. Barrows, Practice-Based Learning: Problem-Based Learning Applied to Medical Education, Springfield, 1994.
C.S. Peirce, Collected Papers, edited by C. Hartshorne, P. Weiss, and A. Burks, Harvard University Press: Cambridge, vol. 8, 1958.
F.I.M. Craik and E. Tulving, “Depth of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, vol. 104,no. 3, pp. 268–294, 1975.
A. Aamodt, “A knowledge representation system for integration of general and Case-specific knowledge,” in Proceedings from IEEE TAI-94, International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, New Orleans, November 5–12, 1994, pp. 836–839.
S. Weiss, C. Kulikowski, S. Amarel, and A. Safir, “A model based method for computer-aided medical decision making,” Artificial Intelligence, vol. 11,no. 1–2, pp. 145–172, 1978.
A. Aamodt “A knowledge-intensive, integrated approach to problem solving and sustained learning,” Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Computer Systems and Telematics, University of Trondheim, Norway, 1991.
E. Tulving and D.M. Thompson, “Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory,” Psychological Review, vol. 80, pp. 353–370, 1973.
H.L. Dreyfus and S.E. Dreyfus, Mind Over Machine, The Free Press: New York, 1986.
H.G. Schmidt and H.P.A. Boshuizen, “On Acquiring Expertise,” Educational Psychology Review, vol. 5,no. 3, pp. 205–221, 1993.
W. van De Velde, “Issues in knowledge level modeling, in second generation experts systems,” pp. 211–231, 1993.
A. Aamodt, “Explanation-driven case-based reasoning,” in Topics in Case-Based Reasoning, edited by S. Wess, K. Althoff, and M. Richter, Springer Verlag, pp. 274–288, 1994.
V. Patel and G.J. Groen, “The general and specific nature of medical expertise: A critical look,” in Towards A General Theory of Expertise, edited by K.A. Ericsson and J. Smith, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1991.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Öztürk, P. Towards a Knowledge-Level Model of Context and Context Use in Diagnostic Problems. Applied Intelligence 10, 123–137 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008367601488
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008367601488