Skip to main content
Log in

An Integrated Propagation-Mobility Interference Model for Microcell Network Coverage Prediction

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents a new interference model for microcellular networks which integrates radio propagation parameters and user terminal mobility. This model uses a parameter denoted the “interference to noise ratio” (INR) to obtain a simplified description of mobile link outage contours as a function of the location of the fixed and mobile radio ports. The INR is used to demonstrate that microcell networks are more interference limited than macrocell networks, and thus are more affected by user terminal mobility. Expressions are derived for the INR and user terminal cell radius distributions. It is shown that in microcell systems a significant proportion of terminals may not be able to meet a contiguous coverage criterion, and that closer microcell spacing can reduce rather than improve the coverage quality. Examination of cochannel and adjacent channel reuse ratios in DCA microcell systems suggest that the closer frequency reuse is primarily responsible for these coverage effects. Monte Carlo simulations are used to test the analytical theory. These results may form the basis of a design methodology for microcell systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. W.R. Young, “Advanced Mobile Phone Service: Introduction, Background and Objectives”, Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 58 No. 1 pp. 1–14, Jan. 1979

    Google Scholar 

  2. G. Calhoun, Digital Cellular Radio, Artech House, Massachusetts, USA, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  3. J.D. Parsons and J.G. Gardiner, Mobile Communications Systems, Blackie and Sons, London, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  4. J. Sarnecki, C. Vinodrai, A. Javed, P. O'Kelly and K. Dick, “Microcell Design Principles”, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 31 No. 4 pp. 76–82, April 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  5. D.C. Cox, “Wireless Network Access for Personal Communications”, IEEE Communications Magazine, pp. 96–115, Dec. 1992.

  6. T.S. Rappaport, “Wireless Personal Communications: Trends and Challenges”, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 33 No. 5 pp. 19–29, Oct. 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  7. A. Gamst, “Remarks on Radio Network Planning”, Proceedings of the 37th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, p. 164, Tampa, 1–3 June 1987.

  8. W.C.Y. Lee, “Smaller Cells for Greater Performance”, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 29 No. 11 pp. 19–23, Nov. 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  9. W.C.Y. Lee, “Quality and Capacity in Cellular”, Electro International Conference Record, pp. 519–20, New York, USA, 16–18 Apr. 1991.

  10. W.C.Y. Lee, “Spectrum Efficiency in Cellular”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 38 No. 2 pp. 69–75, May 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  11. W.C.Y. Lee, “Estimate of Channel Capacity in Rayleigh Fading Environment”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 39 No. 3 pp. 187–189, Aug. 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  12. J.G. Gardiner, “Second Generation Cordless (CT2) Telephony in the UK: Telepoint Services and the common air interface”, Electronics and Communication Engineering Journal, pp. 71–78, April 1990.

  13. I. Goetz, “Transmission Planning for Mobile Telecommunication Systems”, 6th IEE International Conference on Mobile Radio and Personal Communications, pp. 126–130, Coventry, UK, 9–11 Dec. 1991.

  14. V.H. MacDonald, “The Cellular Concept”, Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 58 No. 1 pp. 15–41, Jan. 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  15. W.C.Y. Lee, Mobile Communications Design Fundamentals, 2nd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  16. W.T. Webb, “Modulation Methods for PCNs”, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 30 No. 12 pp. 90–95, Dec 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  17. S.-W. Wang and S.S. Rappaport, “Signal to Interference Calculations for Corner Excited Cellular Communications Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 39 No. 12 pp. 1886–1896, Dec. 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  18. S.-W. Wang and S.S Rappaport, “Signal to Interference Calculations for Balanced Channel Assignment Patterns in Cellular Communications Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 37 No. 10 pp. 1077–1087, Oct. 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  19. J.P. Driscoll, “Relevance of Receiver Filter Perfrmance and Operating Range for CT2/CAI Telepoint Systems”, Electronics Letters, Vol. 28 No. 13 pp. 1200–1201, 18 June 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  20. J.P. Driscoll, “Some Factors Which Affect the Traffic Capacity of a Small Telepoint Network”, 5th IEE International Conference on Mobile Radio and Personal Communications, pp. 167–71, Coventry, UK, 11–14 Dec. 1989.

  21. D. Everitt and D. Manfield, “Performance Analysis of Cellular Mobile Communications Systems with Dynamic Channel Assignment”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas of Communications, Vol. 7 No. 8 pp. 1172–1180, Oct. 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  22. A.O. Fapojuwo, A. McGirr and S. Kazeminejad, “A Simulation Study of Speech Traffic Capacity in Digital Cordless Telecommunications Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 41 No. 1 pp. 6–16, Feb. 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  23. P.A. Ramsdale, A.D. Hadden and P.S. Gaskell, “DCS1800 - The Standard for PCN”, 6th IEE International Conference on Mobile Radio and Personal Communications, pp. 175–179, Coventry, UK, 9–11 Dec. 1991.

  24. P.T.H. Chan, M. Palaniswami and D. Everitt, “Dynamic Channel Assignment for Cellular Mobile Radio System using Self-Organising Neural Networks”, 6th Australian Teletraffic Research Seminar, pp. 89–95, Wollongong, Australia, 28–29 Nov. 1991.

  25. S. Sato, K. Takeo, M. Nishino, Y. Amezawa and T. Suzuki, “A Performance Analysis on Nonuniform Traffic in Microcell Systems”, IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 93), Vol. 3 pp. 1960–1964, Geneva, Switzerland, 23–26 May 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  26. S.T.S. Chia, “The Universal Mobile Telecommunication System”, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 30 No. 12 pp. 54–62, Dec. 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  27. S.T.S. Chia, “Providing Ubiquitous Cellular Coverage for a Dense Urban Environment”, 44th Vehicular Technology Conference, pp. 1045–1049, Stockholm, Sweden, 8–10 June 1994.

  28. A. Kegel, W. Hollemans and R. Prasad, “Performance Analysis of Interference and Noise Limited Cellular Land Mobile Radio”, 41st IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, pp. 817–821, St Louis, USA, 19–22 May 1991.

  29. J.-P.M.G. Linnartz, “Exact Outage Analysis of the Outage Probability in Multiple-User Mobile Radio”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 40 No. 1, pp. 20–23, January 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  30. J.C.-I. Chuang, “Performance Limitations of TDD Wireless Personal Communications with Asynchronous Radio Ports”, Electronics Letters, Vol. 28 No. 6, pp. 532–534, 12 March 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Y.-D. Yao and A.U.H. Sheikh, “Outage Probability Analysis for Microcell Radio Systems with Cochannel Interferers in Rician/Rayleigh Fading Environment”, Electronics Letters, Vol. 26 No. 13, pp. 864–866, 21 June 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Y.-D. Yao and A.U.H. Sheikh, “Bit Error Probabilities of NCFSK and DPSK Signals in Microcellular Mobile Radio Systems”, Electronics Letters, Vol. 28 No. 4, pp. 363–364, 13 February 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Y.-D. Yao and A.U.H. Sheikh, “Performance Analyses of Microcellular Mobile Radio Systems with Shadowed Cochannel Interferers”, Electronics Letters, Vol. 28 No. 9, pp. 839–841, 23 April 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Y.-D. Yao and A.U.H. Sheikh, “Investigation into Cochannel Interference in Microcellular Mobile Radio Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 41 No. 2, pp. 114–123, May 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  35. R. Prasad, A. Kegel, J. Olsthoorn, “Spectrum Efficiency Analysis for Microcellular Mobile Radio Systems”, Electronics Letters, Vol. 27 No. 5, pp. 423–425, 28 February 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  36. R. Prasad, A. Kegel and M.B. Loog, “Cochannel Interference Probability for Picocellular System with Multiple Rician Faded Interferers”, Electronics Letters, Vol. 28 No. 24, pp. 2225–2226, 19 November 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  37. K.W. Sowerby and A.G. Williamson, “Outage Probabilities in Mobile Radio Systems Suffering Cochannel Interference”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, pp. 516–522, Vol. 10 No. 3, April 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  38. J.E. Button, “Performance of CT2/CAI Systems in Small Cell Environments”, Electronics Letters, Vol. 26 No. 18, pp. 1434–1436, 30 August 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  39. J.E. Button, “Asynchronous CT2/CAI Telepoint Separation Requirements”, Electronics Letters, Vol. 27 No. 1, pp. 48–49, 3 January 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  40. C.E. Cook, “Modelling Interference Effects for Land Mobile and Air Mobile Communications”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 35 No. 2 pp. 151–165, Feb. 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  41. G.C. Hess, Land-Mobile Radio System Engineering, Artech House, Boston, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  42. M.J. Feuerstein, K.L. Blackard, T.S. Rappaport, S.Y. Seidel and H.H. Xia, “Path Loss, Delay Spread and Outage Models as Functions of Antenna Height for Microcellular System Design”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 43 No. 3 pp. 487–498, Aug. 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  43. H.H. Xia, H.L. Bertoni, L.R. Maciel, A. Lindsay-Stewart and R. Rowe, “Microcellular Propagation Characteristics for Personal Communications in Urban and Suburban Environments”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 43 No. 3, pp. 743–751, Aug. 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  44. H.H. Xia, H.L. Bertoni, L.R. Maciel, A. Lindsay-Stewart and R. Rowe, “Radio Propagation Characteristics for Line-of-Sight and Personal Communications”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 41 No. 10 pp. 1439–1447, Oct. 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  45. V. Erceg, S. Ghassemzadeh, M. Taylor, D. Li and D.L. Schilling, “Urban/Suburban Out-of-sight Propagation Modelling”, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 30 No. 6 pp. 56–61, June 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  46. E. Green, “Radio Link Design for Microcellular Systems”, British Telecom Technology Journal, Vol. 8 No. 1 pp. 85–96, Jan. 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  47. W.C. Jakes, Microwave Mobile Communications, IEEE Press, New York, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  48. B.C. Jones and D.J. Skellern, “Interference Modelling and Outage Contours in Cellular and Microcellular Networks”, 2ndMCRCInternationalConference on Mobile and Personal Communications Systems, pp. 149–158, Adelaide, Australia, 10–11 April 1995.

  49. B.C. Jones and D.J. Skellern, “Spatial Outage Analysis in Cellular and Microcellular Networks”, pp. 1–18, Wireless '95, Calgary, Canada, 10–12 July 1995.

  50. E.H. Lockwood, A Book Of Curves, Cambridge University Press, England, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  51. B.C. Jones and D.J. Skellern, “Designing the Ubiquitous Microcellular Network”, Workshop on Applications of Radio Science (WARS '95), pp. I.8.1–I.8.4, Canberra, Australia, 25–27 June 1995.

  52. B.C. Jones and D.J. Skellern, “Outage Contours and Cell Size Distributions in Cellular and Microcellular Networks”, pp. 145–149, 45th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC '95), Chicago, United States, 26–28 July 1995.

  53. M.J. Marsan, G.C. Hess and S.S. Gilbert, “Shadowing variability in an Urban Land Mobile Environment at 900 MHz”, Electronics Letters, Vol. 26 No. 10, pp. 646–648, 10 May 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  54. S.Y. Seidel, T.S. Rappaport, “Path Loss and Multipath Delay Statistics in Four European Cities for 900 MHz Cellular and Microcellular Communications”, Electronics Letters, Vol. 26 No. 20 pp. 1713–1715, 27 Sept. 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  55. B.C. Jones and D.J. Skellern, “System Design for Contiguous Coverage in High Density Microcellular Networks”, International Symposium on Signals, Systems and Electronics (ISSSE '95), pp. 263–266, San Francisco, United States, 25–27 October 1995.

  56. B.C. Jones and D.J. Skellern, “Interference Distributions in Microcell Ensembles”, 6th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC '95), pp. 1372–1376, Toronto, Canada, 27–29 September 1995.

  57. B.C. Jones and D.J. Skellern, “Influence of Terminal Distributions and Channel Spills on Microcell Coverage”, IEEE1995 Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom '95), pp. 17–21, Singapore, 13–17 November 1995.

  58. A. Papoulis, Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes, 3rd Ed., McGraw Hill, New York, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  59. European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), “Common Air Interface Specification between cordless telephone apparatus in the frequency band 864.1MHz to 868.1MHz”, I-ETS 300–131, September 1991.

  60. R. Saunders and L. Lopes, “Performance Comparison of Global and Distributed Dynamic Channel Allocation Algorithms”, pp. 799–803, 44th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC '94), Stockholm, Sweden, 8–10 June 1994.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jones, B.C., Skellern, D.J. An Integrated Propagation-Mobility Interference Model for Microcell Network Coverage Prediction. Wireless Personal Communications 5, 223–256 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008876100263

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008876100263

Navigation