Abstract
Some classes of real-time systems function in environments, which cannot be modeled with static approaches. In such environments, the arrival rates of events which drive transient computations may be unknown. Also, periodic computations may be required to process varying numbers of data elements per period, but the number of data elements to be processed in an arbitrary period cannot be known at the time of system engineering, nor can an upper bound be determined for the number of data items; thus, a worst case execution time cannot be obtained for such periodics. This paper presents middleware services that support such dynamic real-time systems through load balancing. The middleware services have been implemented and employed for (1) the DynBench dynamic real-time benchmark suite and (2) an experimental Navy system. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our load balancing techniques for consistently delivering real-time quality-of-service, even in highly dynamic environments.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Condor Project, http://www.cs.wisc.edu/condor/ (1999).
Cray Research, Document in-2153 2/97, Technical report, Cray Research (1997).
I. Foster and C. Kesselman, Globus Project, http://www.globus.org/ (1999).
R. Henderson and D. Tweten, Portable batch systems: External reference specification, Technical report, NASA, Ames Research Center (1996).
IBM Corporation, IBM Load Leveler: User's Guide (September 1993).
G. Koob, Quorum, in: Proceedings of the DARPA ITO General PI Meeting (October 1996) pp. A-59-A-87.
B. Shirazi, A.R. Hurson and K. Kavi, Scheduling and Load Balancing in Parallel and Distributed Systems (IEEE Press, 1995).
S. Son, Advances in Real-Time Systems (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1995).
J. Stankovic and K. Ramamritham, Advances in Real-Time Systems (IEEE Computer Society Press, 1992).
L.R. Welch, B. Ravindran, R. Harrison, L. Madden, M. Masters and W. Mills, Challenges in engineering distributed shipboard control systems, in: The IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (December 1996).
L.R. Welch, B. Ravindran, B. Shirazi and C. Bruggeman, Specification and analysis of dynamic, distributed real-time systems, in: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (IEEE Computer Society Press, 1998) pp. 72-81.
S. Zhou, LSF: Load sharing in large-scale heterogeneous distributed systems, in: Proc. Workshop on Cluster Computing (1992).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Welch, L.R., Werme, P.V., Shirazi, B.A. et al. Load balancing for dynamic real-time systems. Cluster Computing 3, 125–138 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019028120001
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019028120001