Skip to main content
Log in

Improving Performance of Heterogeneous Agents

  • Published:
Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Agents provide services not only to humans users but also to agents in one or more multiagent systems. When agents are confronted with multiple tasks to perform (or requests to satisfy), the agent can reduce load on itself by attempting to take advantage of commonalities between the tasks that need to be performed. In this paper, we develop a logical theory by which such “heavily loaded” agents can merge commonalities amongst such tasks. In our framework, agents can be built on top of legacy codebases. We propose a logical formalism called invariants using which agent developers may specify known commonalities between tasks – after this, we propose a sound and complete mechanism to derive all possible derived commonalities. An obvious A *-based algorithm may be used to merge a set of tasks in a way that minimised expected execution cost. Unfortunately the execution time of this algorithm is prohibitive, even when only 10 tasks need to be merged, thus making it unusable in practice. We develop heuristic algorithms for this problem that take much less time to execute and produce almost as good ways of merging tasks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. S. Adali, K. Candan, Y. Papakonstantinou and V.S. Subrahmanian, Query caching and optimization in distributed mediator systems, in: Proc. of the ACM SIGMOD Conf. on Management of Data, Montreal, Canada (1996) pp. 137–148.

  2. S. Adali and V. Subrahmanian, Intelligent caching in hybrid knowledge bases, in: Proc. 1995 Intl. Conf. on Very Large Knowledge Bases, ed. N. Mars, Twente, The Netherlands (IOS Press, 1995) pp. 247–256.

    Google Scholar 

  3. C. Aggarwal, J. Wolf and P.S. Yu, On optimal piggyback merging policies for video-on-demand systems, in: Proceedings of SIGMETRICS, Philadelphia, PA (1996) pp. 200–209.

  4. J.L. Ambite et al., ARIADNE: A system for constructing mediators for internet sources, in: Proceedings of ACM SIGMOD Conference on Management of Data, Seattle, Washington, DC (1998) pp. 561–563.

  5. Y. Arens, C.Y. Chee, C.-N. Hsu and C. Knoblock, Retrieving and integrating data from multiple information sources, International Journal of Intelligent Cooperative Information Systems 2(2) (1993) 127–158.

    Google Scholar 

  6. N. Ashish, Optimizing information agents by selectively materializing data, Doctoral Consortium Abstract, in: Proceedings of the 15th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence and 10th Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, Madison, WI (1998) p. 1168.

  7. N. Ashish, C.A. Knoblock and C. Shahabi, Selectively materializing data in mediators by analyzing user queries, in: Proceedings of the 4th IFCIS International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems (CoopIS), Edinburgh, Scotland (1999) pp. 256–266.

  8. R. Bayardo et al., Infosleuth: Agent-based semantic integration of information in open and dynamic environments, in: Proceedings of ACM SIGMOD Conference on Management of Data, ed. J. Peckham, Tucson, AZ (1997) pp. 195–206.

  9. R.R. Brooks and S.S. Iyengar, Multi-Sensor Fusion: Fundamentals and Applications with Software (Prentice Hall, 1998).

  10. D. Calvanese, G. De Giacomo and M. Lenzerini, On the decidability of query containment under constraints, in: Proc. of the 17th ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symp. on Principles of Database Systems (PODS), Seattle, Washington, DC (1998) pp. 214–223.

  11. S. Chaudhuri, R. Krishnamurthy, S. Potamianos and K. Shim, Optimizing queries with materialized views, in: Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Data Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan (1995) pp. 190–200.

  12. S. Chawathe et al., The TSIMMIS project: Integration of heterogeneous information sources, in: Proceedings of the 10th Meeting of the Information Processing Society of Japan, Tokyo, Japan (1994).

  13. S. Dar, M.J. Franklin, B. Jonsson, D. Srivastava and M. Tan, Semantic data caching and replacement, in: Proc. of the Conf. on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB), Bombay, India (1996) pp. 330–341.

  14. D. De Schreye et al., Conjunctive partial deduction: Foundations, control, algorithms and experiments, Journal of Logic Programming 41(2-3) (1999) 231–277.

    Google Scholar 

  15. K. Decker, K. Sycara and D. Zeng, Designing a multiagent portfolio management system, in: Proceedings of AAAI Workshop on Intelligent Adaptive Agents (1996).

  16. J. Dix, S. Kraus and V. Subrahmanian, Temporal agent reasoning, Artificial Intelligence 127(1) (2001) 87–135.

    Google Scholar 

  17. J. Dix, M. Nanni and V.S. Subrahmanian, Probabilistic agent reasoning, ACM Transactions of Computational Logic 1(2) (2000) 201–245.

    Google Scholar 

  18. J. Dix, V.S. Subrahmanian and G. Pick, Meta agent programs, Journal of Logic Programming 46(1-2) (2000) 1–60.

    Google Scholar 

  19. T. Eiter, V. Subrahmanian and G. Pick, Heterogeneous active agents, I: Semantics, Artificial Intelligence 108(1-2) (1999) 179–255.

    Google Scholar 

  20. T. Eiter, V. Subrahmanian and T.J. Rogers, Heterogeneous active agents, III: Polynomially Implementable Agents, Artificial Intelligence 117(1) (1999) 107–167.

    Google Scholar 

  21. O. Etzioni and D.Weld, A softbot-based interface to the Internet, Communications of the ACM 37(7) (1994) 72–76.

    Google Scholar 

  22. H. Garcia-Molina et al., The TSIMMIS approach to mediation: Data models and languages, Journal of Intelligent Information Systems 8(2) (1997) 117–132.

    Google Scholar 

  23. M.R. Genesereth, A.M. Keller and O.M. Duschka, Infomaster: An information integration system, in: Proceedings of ACMSIGMOD Conference on Management of Data, Tucson, AZ (1997) pp. 539–542.

  24. L. Golubchik, J.C.-S. Lui and R.R.Muntz, Adaptive piggybacking: A novel technique for data sharing in video-on-demand storage servers, ACM Multimedia Systems Journal 4(3) (1996) 140–155.

    Google Scholar 

  25. B.Y. Hammel and T. Rogers, Fusing live sensor data into situational multimedia views, in: Proceedings 9th International Workshop on Multimedia Information Systems, Ischia, Italy (2003) pp. 145–156.

  26. D.E. Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming, Volume I: Fundamental Algorithms, 3rd edition (Addison-Wesley, 1997).

  27. R. Kowalski and F. Sadri, From logic programming to multi-agent systems, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 25(3-4) (1999) 391–419.

    Google Scholar 

  28. L.V.S. Lakshmanan, F. Sadri and I.N. Subramanian, SchemaSQL-A language for interoperability in relational multi-database systems, in: Proceedings of the 22nd Int. Conference on Very Large Databases (VLDB), Bombay, India (1996) pp. 239–250.

  29. L.V.S. Lakshmanan, F. Sadri and S.N. Subramanian, On efficiently implementing schemaSQL on a SQL database system, in: Proceedings of the 25th Int. Conference on Very Large Databases (VLDB), Edinburgh, Scotland (1999) pp. 471–482.

  30. M. Leuschel, D. Martens and D. De Schreye, Some achievements and prospects in partial deduction, ACM Computing Surveys 30(3es) (1998).

  31. A. Levy, A. Rajaraman and J. Ordille, Querying heterogeneous information sources using source descriptions, in: Proceeding of the 22nd Int. Conference on Very Large Databases (VLDB), Bombay, India (1996) pp. 251–262.

  32. A.Y. Levy, A.O.Mendelzon, Y. Sagiv and D. Srivastava, Answering queries using views, in: Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symp. on Principles of Database Systems (PODS), San Jose, CA (1995) pp. 95–104.

  33. A.Y. Levy, A. Rajaraman and J.J. Ordille, The World Wide Web as a collection of views: Query processing in the information manifold, in: Workshop on Materialized Views: Techniques and Applications (VIEW 1996), Montreal, Canada (1996) pp. 43–55.

  34. J.W. Lloyd, Foundations of Logic Programming (Springer, 1987).

  35. J.W. Lloyd and J.C. Shepherdson, Partial evaluation in logic programming, Journal of Logic Programming 11(3-4) (1991) 217–242.

    Google Scholar 

  36. F. Ozcan, V. Subrahmanian and J. Dix, Improving performance of heterogeneous agents, Technical Report CS-TR-4202, UMIACS-TR-2000-77, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  37. X. Qian, Query folding, in: Proc. IEEE Conf. on Data Engineering, New Orleans, LA (1996) pp. 48–55.

  38. T. Rist, E. Andre and J. Muller, Adding animated presentation agents to the interface, in: Intelligent User Interfaces, pp. 79–86. www.citeseer.nj.nec.com/rist97adding.html.

  39. S.J. Rosenschein, Formal theories of knowledge in AI and robotics, New Generation Computing 3(4) (1985) 345–357.

    Google Scholar 

  40. C. Ruemmler and J. Wilkes, An introduction to disk drive modeling, IEEE Computer 27(3) (1994) 17–29.

    Google Scholar 

  41. B. Salzberg, File Structures: An Analytical Approach (Prentice-Hall, 1988).

  42. H. Samet, The Design and Analysis of Spatial Data Structures (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  43. T.K. Sellis and S. Ghosh, On the multiple-query optimization problem, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 2(2) (1990) 262–266.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Y. Shoham, Agent oriented programming, Artificial Intelligence 60 (1993) 51–92.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Y. Shoham, What we talk about when we talk about software agents, IEEE Intelligent Systems 14 (1999) 28–31.

    Google Scholar 

  46. V. Subrahmanian, P. Bonatti, J. Dix, T. Eiter, S. Kraus, F. Ozcan and R. Ross, Heterogeneous Agent Systems (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2000).

    Google Scholar 

  47. J. Swaminathan, S. Smith and N. Sadeh, Modeling supply chain dynamics: A multi-agent approach, Decision Sciences 29(3) (1998).

  48. P. Szolovits, J. Doyle, W. Long, I. Kohane and S. Pauker, Guardian angel: Patient-centered health information systems, Technical Report TR-604, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Computer Science, Cambridge, MA (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  49. J.D. Ullman, Principles of Database and Knowledge Base Systems, Vol. 2 (Computer Science Press, New York, 1989).

    Google Scholar 

  50. Q. Yang, D. Nau and J. Hendler, Merging separately generated plans with restricted interactions, Computational Intelligence 8(2) (1992) 648–676.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Özcan, F., Subrahmanian, V. & Dix, J. Improving Performance of Heterogeneous Agents. Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 41, 339–395 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AMAI.0000031199.58726.9a

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AMAI.0000031199.58726.9a

Navigation