Skip to main content
Log in

Enhanced Symbolic Simulation for Functional Verification of Embedded Array Systems

  • Published:
Design Automation for Embedded Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Symbolic simulation is an effective approach for verifying individual array blocks. This paper presents two methods to enhance the capacity of symbolic simulation for handling large and complex embedded array systems. The first method combines an ATPG decision procedure with symbolic simulation. By developing a scheme that enables the ATPG to work effectively with a symbolic simulator, the run-time OBDD sizes can be limited. In the second method, we propose a “dual-rail” symbolic simulator where a given design is partitioned implicitly into control and datapath domains. Symbolic simulation is carried out simultaneously on both domains. We demonstrate and compare the effectiveness of both methods based on verification of the Memory Management Unit (MMU) in Motorola high-performance microprocessors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bryant, R. E. Formal Verification of Memory-Circuits by Symbolic-Logic Simulation. IEEE Transactions on CAD, vol. 10,no. 1, pp. 94-102, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ganguly, N., M. S. Abadir and M. Pandey. PowerPC Array Verification Methodology Using Formal Verification Techniques. In Proceedings of IEEE International Test Conference, pp. 857-864, Washington, DC, October 1998.

  3. Pandey, M., R. Raimi, D. Beatty, and R. E. Bryant. Formal Verification of Powerpc Arrays Using Symbolic Trajectory Evaluation. In Proceedings of 33rd Design Automation Conference, Las Vegas, NV, 1996.

  4. Pandey, M., R. Raimi, R. E. Bryant, and M. S. Abadir. Formal Verification of Content Addressable Memories Using Symbolic Trajectory Evaluation. In Proceedings of 34th Design Automation Conference, Las Vegas, NV, 1997.

  5. Wang, Li-C., and M. S. Abadir. Experience in Validation of PowerPC Microprocessor Embedded Arrays. Journal of Electronic Testing: Theory and Applications (JETTA), vol. 15, pp. 191-205, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Narayanan Krishnamurthy, Andrew K. Martin, Magdy S. Abadir, and Jacob A. Abraham. Validating PowerPC Microprocessor Custom Memories. In IEEE Design and Test of Computers, pp. 61-76, October–December 2000.

  7. Beatty, D. L., R. E. Bryant, and C.-J. H. Seger. Synchronous circuit verification by Symbolic Simulation: An Illustration. In W. J. Dally (Ed.), Proceedings of the sixth MIT Conference on Advanced Research in VLSI, pp. 98-112, MIT Press, Cambridge, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bryant, R. E., D. L. Beatty, and C.-J. H. Seger. Formal Hardware Verification by Symbolic Ternary Trajectory Evaluation. In 28th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference, pp. 397-402, 1991.

  9. Seger, C.-J. H. and R. E. Bryant. Formal Verification by Symbolic Evaluation of Partially-Ordered Trajectories. Formal Methods in Systems Design, vol. 6, 147-189, March 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bryant, R. E. Symbolic Boolean Manipulation with Ordered Binary-Decision Diagrams. ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 24,no. 3, pp. 293-318, September 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Parthasarathy, G., M. K. Iyer, T. Feng, Li-C. Wang, Kwang-Ting Cheng, and Magdy S. Abadir. Combining ATPG and Symbolic Simulation for Efficient Validation of Array Systems. In Proceedings of International Test Conference, Baltimore, October 2002.

  12. Feng, Tao, Li-C. Wang, Kwang-Ting Cheng, Manish Pandey, and Magdy S. Abadir. Enhanced Symbolic Simulation for Efficient Verification of Embedded Array Systems. In Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference, 2003.

  13. Wilson, Chris and David L. Dill. Reliable Verification using Symbolic Simulation with Scalar Values. In 37th Design Automation Conference, June 2000.

  14. Wilson, Chris. Symbolic Simulation Using Automatic Abstraction of Internal Node Values. Ph.D. Thesis. Stanford University, October, 2001.

  15. Hazelhurst, S. and C.-J. H. Seger. A Simple Theorem Prover Based on Symbolic Trajectory Evaluation and BDD's. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, vol. 14,no. 4, pp. 413-422, April 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Aagaard, M. and C.-J. H. Seger. The Formal Verification of a Pipelined Double-Precision IEEE Floating-Point Multiplier. In ACM/IEEE International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, pp. 7-10, November 1995.

  17. Aagaard, Mark D., Robert B. Jones, and Carl-Johan H. Seger. Formal Verification Using Parametric Representations of Boolean Constraints. In 36th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference, 1999.

  18. Seger, C.-J. H. Voss—A Formal Hardware Verification System User's Guide. Technical Report 93-45, Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, November 1993.

  19. PowerPC Microprocessor Family: The Programming Environments, Motorola Inc., 1994.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wang, LC., Feng, T., Cheng, KT.(. et al. Enhanced Symbolic Simulation for Functional Verification of Embedded Array Systems. Design Automation for Embedded Systems 8, 173–188 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:DAEM.0000003961.86651.2b

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:DAEM.0000003961.86651.2b

Navigation