Skip to main content
Log in

On the Stationarity and Ergodicity of Fading Channel Simulators Based on Rice's Sum-of-Sinusoids

  • Published:
International Journal of Wireless Information Networks Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Channel simulators based on Rice's sum-of-sinusoids are playing an important role in fading channel modelling. However, the parameters of the sum-of-sinusoids have to be determined meticulously to fully exploit the potential that this powerful procedure has to offer. This paper presents general conditions under which the sum-of-sinusoids procedure results in a stationary and ergodic channel simulator. Moreover, with the help of the introduced conditions, several established parameter computations methods will be investigated with respect to their usability to design stationary and ergodic fading channel generators. It turns out that if and only if the gains and frequencies are constant quantities and the phases are random variables, then the sum-of-sinusoids defines a stationary and ergodic process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. S. O. Rice, Mathematical analysis of random noise, Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 23, pp. 282–332, Jul. 1944.

    Google Scholar 

  2. S. O. Rice, Mathematical analysis of random noise, Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 24, pp. 46–156, Jan. 1945.

    Google Scholar 

  3. W. C. Jakes, Ed., Microwave Mobile Communications. IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  4. M. Pätzold, U. Killat, F. Laue, and Y. Li, On the statistical properties of deterministic simulation models for mobile fading channels, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technical, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 254–269, Feb. 1998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. P. Höher, A statistical discrete-time model for the WSSUS multipath channel, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technical, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 461–468, Nov. 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. M. Pätzold, Mobile Fading Channels. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  7. M. Pätzold and N. Youssef, Modelling and simulation of direction-selective and frequency-selective mobile radio channels, Int. Journal of Electr. and Commun., Vol. AEÜ-55, No. 6, pp. 433–442, Nov. 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  8. M. Pätzold, System functions and characteristic quantities of spatial deterministic Gaussian uncorrelated scattering processes, Proc. IEEE 57th Semiannual Vehicular Technical Conf., pp. 256–261, VTC 2003-Spring, Jeju, Korea, Apr. 2003.

  9. H. Schulze, Stochastische Modelle und digitale Simulation von Mobilfunkkanälen, Proc. Kleinheubacher Reports of the German PTT, U.R.S.I/ITG Conf. in Kleinheubach 1988, Germany (FR), Vol. 32, pp. 473–483, Darmstadt, Germany, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  10. M. Pätzold, U. Killat, and F. Laue, A deterministic digital simulation model for Suzuki processes with application to a shadowed Rayleigh land mobile radio channel, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technical, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 318–331, May 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Y. R. Zheng and C. Xiao, Improved models for the generation of multiple uncorrelated Rayleigh fading waveforms, IEEE Communications Letters, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 256–258, Jun. 2002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Y. R. Zheng and C. Xiao, Simulation models with correct statistical properties for Rayleigh fading channels, IEEE Transactions on Communication, Vol. 51, No. 6, pp. 920–928, Jun. 2003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. M. F. Pop and N. C. Beaulieu, Limitations of sum-of-sinusoids fading channel simulators, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 699–708, Apr. 2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. P. M. Crespo and J. Jiménez, Computer simulation of radio channels using a harmonic decomposition technique, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technical, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 414–419, Aug. 1995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. R. H. Clarke, A statistical theory of mobile-radio reception, Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 47, pp. 957–1000, Jul. / Aug. 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  16. A. Papoulis and S. U. Pillai, Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes. 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  17. W. R. Bennett, Distribution of the sum of randomly phased components, Quart. Appl. Math., Vol. 5, pp. 385–393, May 1948.

    Google Scholar 

  18. M. Pätzold, U. Killat, F. Laue, and Y. Li, On the problems of Monte Carlo method based simulation models for mobile radio channels, Proc. IEEE 4th Int. Symp. on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications, ISSSTA'96, pp. 1214–1220, Mayence, Germany, Sept. 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  19. M. Pätzold and F. Laue, Statistical properties of Jakes' fading channel simulator, Proc. IEEE 48th Veh. Technol. Conf., VTC'98, pp. 712-718, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, May 1998.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pätzold, M. On the Stationarity and Ergodicity of Fading Channel Simulators Based on Rice's Sum-of-Sinusoids. International Journal of Wireless Information Networks 11, 63–69 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:IJWI.0000034538.27413.60

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:IJWI.0000034538.27413.60

Navigation