Paper
1 March 2011 Time-of-flight camera technique for augmented reality in computer-assisted interventions
Sven Mersmann, Michael Müller, Alexander Seitel, Florian Arnegger, Ralf Tetzlaff, Julien Dinkel, Matthias Baumhauer, Bruno Schmied, Hans-Peter Meinzer, Lena Maier-Hein
Author Affiliations +
Abstract
Augmented reality (AR) for enhancement of intra-operative images is gaining increasing interest in the field of navigated medical interventions. In this context, various imaging modalities such as ultrasound (US), C-Arm computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic images have been applied to acquire intra-operative information about the patient's anatomy. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the potential of the novel Time-of-Flight (ToF) camera technique as means for markerless intra-operative registration. For this purpose, ToF range data and corresponding CT images were acquired from a set of explanted non-transplantable human and porcine organs equipped with a set of marker that served as targets. Based on a rigid matching of the surfaces generated from the ToF images with the organ surfaces generated from the CT data, the targets extracted from the planning images were superimposed on the 2D ToF intensity images, and the target visualization error (TVE) was computed as quality measure. Color video data of the same organs were further used to assess the TVE of a previously proposed marker-based registration method. The ToF-based registration showed promising accuracy yielding a mean TVE of 2.5±1.1 mm compared to 0.7±0.4 mm with the marker-based approach. Furthermore, the target registration error (TRE) was assessed to determine the anisotropy in the localization error of ToF image data. The TRE was 8.9± 4.7 mm on average indicating a high localization error in the viewing direction of the camera. Nevertheless, the young ToF technique may become a valuable means for intra-operative surface acquisition. Future work should focus on the calibration of systematic distance errors.
© (2011) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Sven Mersmann, Michael Müller, Alexander Seitel, Florian Arnegger, Ralf Tetzlaff, Julien Dinkel, Matthias Baumhauer, Bruno Schmied, Hans-Peter Meinzer, and Lena Maier-Hein "Time-of-flight camera technique for augmented reality in computer-assisted interventions", Proc. SPIE 7964, Medical Imaging 2011: Visualization, Image-Guided Procedures, and Modeling, 79642C (1 March 2011); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.878149
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CITATIONS
Cited by 13 scholarly publications and 1 patent.
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KEYWORDS
Image registration

Time of flight cameras

Cameras

Computed tomography

Liver

Natural surfaces

Video

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