Phonetica was published by Karger Publishers up to and including 2020. If you or your institution subscribed to Phonetica during that period, you might still have access to the full text of this article on the Karger platform if you cannot access it here.
Abstract
This paper examines the effects of morpheme boundaries on intergestural timing, and demonstrates that low-level phonetic realization is influenced by morphological structure, i.e. compounding and affixation. It reports two experiments, one using electromagnetic midsagittal articulography (EMA) and one electropalatography (EPG), examining Korean data. The results of the EMA study show that intergestural timing is less variable for adjacent gestures across the word boundary inside a lexicalized compound than inside a nonlexicalized compound, and inside a monomorphemic word than across a morpheme boundary. The EPG study (which examined the timing in palatalization of a coronal) shows that both [ti] and [ni] have more variability in gestural timing when heteromorphemic than when tautomorphemic. Furthermore, the phonetic details of gestural overlap shed light on the asymmetry on palatalization between tautomorphemic and heteromorphemic gestural sequences (e.g. ni vs. n-i), presumably driven by paradigmatic contrast and preference of overlap. In short, what emerges from two experiments is that gestures are coordinated more stably within a single lexical item (a morpheme or a lexicalized compound) than across a boundary between lexical items. In accounting for the stability of intergestural timing within a lexical entry, several hypotheses were discussed including the Phase Window, Bonding Strength, Phonological Timing and Extended Phase Window model newly proposed here. The implication is that the morphological structure may be encoded in the phonetic realization, as is the case with other linguistic structure (e.g. prosodic structure).
verified
References
1 Ahn, S.-C.: The interplay of phonology and morphology in Korean; PhD diss. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (1985).Search in Google Scholar
2 Balota, D.A.; Boland, J.E.; Shields, L.W.: Priming in pronunciation: beyond pattern recognition and onset latency. J. Memory Lang. 28: 14–36 (1989).10.1016/0749-596X(89)90026-0Search in Google Scholar
3 Barry, M.: Palatalization, assimilation and gestural weakening in connected speech. Speech Commun. 11: 393–400 (1992).10.1016/0167-6393(92)90044-8Search in Google Scholar
4 Bhat, D.N.S.: A generalization of palatalization; in Greenberg, Ferguson, Moravcsik, Universals of human language, vol. 2, pp. 47–92 (Stanford University Press, Stanford 1978).Search in Google Scholar
5 Booij, G.E.: Word formation. Lingua 65: 260–270 (1985).10.1016/S0024-3841(85)90223-2Search in Google Scholar
6 Browman, C.; Goldstein, L.: Toward an articulatory phonology. Phonol. Yb. 3: 219–252 (1986).10.1017/S0952675700000658Search in Google Scholar
7 Browman, C.; Goldstein, L.: Some notes on syllable structure in articulatory phonology. Phonetica 45: 140–155 (1988).10.1159/000261823Search in Google Scholar
8 Browman, C.; Goldstein, L.: Articulatory gestures as phonological units. Phonology 6: 201–252 (1989).10.1017/S0952675700001019Search in Google Scholar
9 Browman, C.; Goldstein, L.: Tiers in articulatory phonology, with some implications for casual speech; in Kingston, Beckman, Papers in Laboratory Phonology. I: Between the grammar and the physics of speech, pp. 341–376 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1990).10.1017/CBO9780511627736.019Search in Google Scholar
10 Browman, C.; Goldstein, L.: Articulatory phonology: an overview. Phonetica 49: 155–180 (1992a).10.1159/000261913Search in Google Scholar
11 Browman, C.; Goldstein, L.: Responses to commentaries. Phonetica 49: 222–234 (1992b).10.1159/000261918Search in Google Scholar
12 Browman, C.; Goldstein, L.: Dynamics and articulatory phonology; in Port, van Gelder, Mind as motion: explorations in the dynamics of cognition, pp. 175–193 (MIT Press, Cambridge 1995).Search in Google Scholar
13 Browman, C.; Goldstein, L.: Competing constraints on intergestural coordination and self-organization of phonological structures. Current Trends in Phonology, Royaumount, 1998. (To appear in Bull. Commun. parlé.)Search in Google Scholar
14 Byrd, D.: Articulatory timing in English consonant sequences; PhD diss. UCLA (1994). UCLA Working Papers in Phonet. 86 (1994).Search in Google Scholar
15 Byrd, D.: C-Centers revisited. Phonetica 52: 285–306 (1995).10.1159/000262183Search in Google Scholar
16 Byrd, D.: A phase window framework for articulatory timing. Phonology 13: 139–169 (1996a).10.1017/S0952675700002086Search in Google Scholar
17 Byrd, D.: Influences on articulatory timing in consonant sequences. J. Phonet. 24: 209–244 (1996b).10.1006/jpho.1996.0012Search in Google Scholar
18 Byrd, D.: Intergestural coordination adjacent to multiple boundaries. Proc. 16th Int. Congr. Acoustics and 135th Meeting Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 2, pp. 1255–1256 (1998).Search in Google Scholar
19 Byrd, D.: Articulatory vowel lengthening and coordination at phrasal junctures. Phonetica 57: 3–16 (2000).10.1159/000028456Search in Google Scholar
20 Byrd, D.; Kaun, A.; Narayanan, S.; Saltzman, E.: Phrasal signatures in articulation; in Broe, Pierrehumbert, Papers in Laboratory Phonology V: Language acquisition and the lexicon, pp. 70–87 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2000).Search in Google Scholar
21 Byrd, D.; Saltzman, E.: Intragestural dynamics of multiple prosodic boundaries. J. Phonet. 26: 173–199 (1998). Cho, T.: Effect of prosody on vowel-to-vowel coarticulation in English. Proc. Int. Congr. Phonet. Sci. (ICPhS) 99, vol. 1, pp. 459–462 (1999).Search in Google Scholar
22 Cho, T.; Keating, P.: Articulatory and acoustic studies of domain-initial strengthening in Korean. UCLA Working Papers in Phonet. 97: 100–138 (1999). (To appear in J. Phonet. 29.)Search in Google Scholar
23 Chomsky, N.; Halle, M.: The sound pattern of English (Harper & Row, New York 1968).Search in Google Scholar
24 Dixon, W.J.: BMPD statistical software manual (The Regents of University of California, Los Angeles 1988).Search in Google Scholar
25 Docherty, G.J.: The timing of British English obstruents (Forsi, Berlin 1992).10.1515/9783110872637Search in Google Scholar
26 Edwards, J.; Beckman, M.E.; Fletcher, J.: The articulatory kinematics of final lengthening. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 89: 369–382 (1991).10.1121/1.400674Search in Google Scholar
27 Flege, J.E.: Effects of speaking rate on tongue position and velocity of movement in vowel production. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 84: 901–916 (1988).10.1121/1.396659Search in Google Scholar
28 Fougeron, C.; Steriade, D.: Does deletion of French schwa lead to neutralization of lexical distinction? In Proc. Eurospeech 97, pp. 943–946, Rhodes 1997.10.21437/Eurospeech.1997-332Search in Google Scholar
29 Gay, T.; Ushijima, T.; Hirose, H.; Cooper, F.S.: Effect of speaking rate on labial consonant-vowel articulation. J. Phonet. 2: 47–63 (1974).10.1016/S0095-4470(19)31176-3Search in Google Scholar
30 Guion, S.G.: Word frequency effect among homonyms. Tex. Linguistic Forum 35: 103–115 (1995).Search in Google Scholar
31 Hardcastle, W.J.: Some phonetic and syntactic constraints on lingual coarticulation during /kl/ sequences. Speech Commun. 4: 247–263 (1985).10.1016/0167-6393(85)90051-2Search in Google Scholar
32 Holst, T.; Nolan, F.: The influence of syntactic structure on [s] and [E] assimilation; in Connell, Arvaniti, Papers in Laboratory Phonology. IV: Phonology and phonetic evidence, pp. 315–333 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1995).10.1017/CBO9780511554315.022Search in Google Scholar
33 Iverson, G.; Wheeler, D.W.: Blocking and the elsewhere condition; in Hammond, Noonan, Theoretical morphology, pp. 325–338 (Academic Press, San Diego 1988).Search in Google Scholar
34 Jun, S.-A.: Asymmetrical prosodic effects on the laryngeal gesture in Korean; in Connell, Arvaniti, Papers in Laboratory Phonology. IV: Phonology and phonetic evidence, pp. 235–253 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1995).10.1017/CBO9780511554315.017Search in Google Scholar
35 Keating, P.A.: The window model of coarticulation: articulatory evidence; in Kingston, Beckman, Papers in Laboratory Phonology. I: Between the grammar and the physics of speech, pp. 451–470 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1990).10.1017/CBO9780511627736.026Search in Google Scholar
36 Keating, P.A.: Coronal places of articulation; in Paradis, Prunet, Phonetics and phonology. II. The special status of coronals: internal and external evidence, pp. 29–48 (Academic Press, San Diego 1991).10.1016/B978-0-12-544966-3.50008-7Search in Google Scholar
37 Keating, P.A.; Cho, T.; Fougeron, C.; Hsu, C.: Domain-initial strengthening in four languages. UCLA Working Papers in Phonet. 97: 139–151 (1999). (To appear in Papers in Laboratory Phonology VI.)Search in Google Scholar
38 Kim, S.-G.: Palatalization in Korean; PhD diss. University of Texas, Austin (1976).Search in Google Scholar
39 Kim-Renaud, Y.-K.: Korean consonantal phonology; PhD diss. University of Hawaii (1974).Search in Google Scholar
40 Kiparsky, P.: Elsewhere in phonology; in Anderson, Kiparsky, A Festschrift for Morris Halle, pp. 93–106 (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York 1973).Search in Google Scholar
41 Kiparsky, P.: Lexical phonology and morphology; in Yang, Linguistics in the morning calm, vol. I, pp. 3–91 (Hanshin, Seoul 1982).Search in Google Scholar
42 Kiparsky, P.: Blocking in non-derived environment; in Hargus, Kaisse, Studies in lexical phonology, pp. 277–314 (Academic Press, San Diego 1993).10.1016/B978-0-12-325071-1.50016-9Search in Google Scholar
43 Ladefoged, P.: The main interfaces between phonetics and phonology; in Dressler, Luschutzky, Pfeiffer, Rennisson, Phonologica 1988, pp. 165–179 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1992).Search in Google Scholar
44 Lahiri, A.; Evers, V.: Palatalization and coronality; in Paradis, Prunet, Phonetics and phonology. II. The special status of coronals: internal and external evidence, pp. 79–100 (Academic Press, San Diego 1991).10.1016/B978-0-12-544966-3.50011-7Search in Google Scholar
45 Levelt, W.J.M.; Roelofs, A.; Meyer, A.S.: A theory of lexical access in speech production. Behav. brain Sci. 22: 1–75 (1999).10.1017/S0140525X99451775Search in Google Scholar
46 Levene, H.: Robust tests for equality of variance; in Olkin, Contributions to probability and statistics (Stanford University Press, Palo Alto 1960).Search in Google Scholar
47 Lindblom, B.: Economy of speech gestures; in MacNeilage, The production and modeling of speech, pp. 217–245 (Springer, New York 1983).10.1007/978-1-4613-8202-7_10Search in Google Scholar
48 Lindblom, B.: Explaining phonetic variation: a sketch of the H&H theory; in Hardcastle, Marchal, Speech production and speech modeling, pp. 403–439 (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht 1990).10.1007/978-94-009-2037-8_16Search in Google Scholar
49 McLean, M.: Forward coarticulation of velar movement at marked junctural boundaries. J. Speech Hear. Res. 16: 286–296 (1973).10.1044/jshr.1602.286Search in Google Scholar
50 Manuel, S.: The role of contrast in limiting vowel-to-vowel coarticulation in different languages. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 88: 1286–1298 (1990).10.1121/1.399705Search in Google Scholar
51 Mattingly, I.G.: Phonetic representation and speech synthesis by rule; in Myers, Laver, Anderson, The cognitive representation of speech, pp. 415–420 (1981).Search in Google Scholar
52 Miller, J.L.: Effects of speaking rate on segmental distinctions; in Eimas, Miller, Perspectives on the study of speech, pp. 39–74 (Erlbaum, Hillsdale 1981).Search in Google Scholar
53 Mohanan, K.P.: Lexical phonology; PhD diss. MIT (1982).Search in Google Scholar
54 Perkell, J.S.; Cohen, M.H.; Svirsky, M.A.; Matthies, M.L.; Garabieta, I.; Jackson, M.T.T.: Electromagnetic midsagittal articulometer systems for transducing speech articulatory movements. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 92: 3078–3096 (1992).10.1121/1.404204Search in Google Scholar
55 Pierrehumbert, J.; Talkin, D.: Lenition of /h/ and glottal stop; in Docherty, Ladd, Papers in Laboratory Phonology. II: Gesture, segment, prosody, pp. 90–117 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1992).10.1017/CBO9780511519918.005Search in Google Scholar
56 SAS Institute Inc.: StatView 5.0 SAS Institute Inc. (Cary 1998).Search in Google Scholar
57 Saltzman, E.; Munhall, K.: A dynamical approach to gestural patterning in speech production. Eco. Psychol. 1: 333–382 (1989).10.1207/s15326969eco0104_2Search in Google Scholar
58 Schoenle, P.W.: Elektromagnetische Artikulographie (Springer, Berlin 1988).10.1007/978-3-642-73928-6Search in Google Scholar
59 Schoenle, P.W.; Mueller, C.; Wenig, P.: Echtzeitanalyse von orofacialen Bewegungen mit Hilfe der elektromagnetischen Artikulographie. Biomed. Technik 34: 126–130 (1989).10.1515/bmte.1989.34.6.126Search in Google Scholar
60 Tuller, B.; Shao, S.; Kelso, J.A.S.: An evaluation of an alternating magnetic field device for monitoring tongue movements. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 88: 674–679 (1990).10.1121/1.399771Search in Google Scholar
61 Wright, R.: Consonant clusters and cue preservation in Tsou; PhD diss. University of California, Los Angeles (1996).Search in Google Scholar
62 Wright, R.: Lexical competition and reduction in speech: a preliminary report. Research on Spoken Lang. Processing, Progr. Rep. 21, pp. 471–485 (Indiana University, 1997).Search in Google Scholar
63 Zsiga, E.: Features, gestures, and the temporal aspects of phonological organization; PhD diss. Yale University (1993).Search in Google Scholar
64 Zsiga, E.: An acoustic and electropalatographic study of lexical and postlexical palatalization in English; in Connell, Arvaniti, Papers in Laboratory Phonology. IV: Phonology and phonetic evidence, pp. 282–302 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1995).10.1017/CBO9780511554315.020Search in Google Scholar
65 Zsiga, E.: Features, gestures, and Igbo vowels: an approach to the phonology-phonetics interface. Language 73: 227–274 (1997).Search in Google Scholar
© 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel
