Abstract
Adaptive structures in civil engineering are mechanical structures with the ability to modify their response to external loads. Actuators strongly affect a structure’s adaptivity and have to be placed thoughtfully in the design process to effectively compensate external loads. For constant loads, this property is introduced as steady-state disturbance compensability. This property can be linked to concepts from structural engineering such as redundancy or statical indeterminacy, thus representing an interdisciplinary approach. Based on the disturbance compensability matrix, a scalar performance metric is derived as quantitative measure of a structure’s ability to compensate the output error for arbitrary constant disturbances with a given set of actuators. By minimizing this metric, an actuator configuration is determined. The concept is applied to an example of a truss structure.
Zusammenfassung
Adaptive Strukturen im Bauwesen sind mechanische Strukturen, die ihr Verhalten an externe Lasten anpassen können. Aktoren beeinflussen die Adaptivität einer Struktur stark und müssen im Entwurfsprozess mit Bedacht platziert werden, um externe Einflüsse effektiv zu kompensieren. Für stationäre Lasten wird diese Eigenschaft als stationäre Störgrößenkompensierbarkeit eingeführt. Dabei besteht ein Zusammenhang zu Konzepten aus der Strukturmechanik, wie Redundanz und statische Unbestimmtheit, und verkörpert somit einen interdisziplinären Ansatz. Von der Störgrößenkompensierbarkeitsmatrix wird eine skalare Metrik abgeleitet, die für eine gegebene Aktormenge quantitativ die Fähigkeit einer Struktur zur Kompensierbarkeit des Ausgangsfehlers für beliebige, aber konstante Störungen beschreibt. Durch Minimierung dieser Metrik wird eine Aktorkonfiguration ermittelt. Diese Konzepte werden anhand einer Tragwerkstruktur exemplarisch dargestellt.
Funding source: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Award Identifier / Grant number: SFB 1244/1 2017
Funding statement: This work is part of the collaborative research center CRC 1244 “Adaptive Envelopes and Structures for the Built Environment of Tomorrow” funded by the German Research Foundation under grant SFB 1244/1 2017.
About the authors
Julia Wagner received her B.Sc. degree in medical engineering as a joint degree from the Universities of Stuttgart and Tübingen, Germany, in 2014. She finished her M.Sc. degree in the same course from the University of Stuttgart, Germany, in 2017. Since 2017, she has been a research assistant and a PhD candidate at the Institute for System Dynamics at the University of Stuttgart. Her main research interests are analysis and control of adaptive structures, a comprehensive understanding of their system dynamics and the couplings to other disciplines like structural mechanics.
Jan Gade, M.Sc. is a research assistant at the Institute for Structural Mechanics at the University of Stuttgart. He is member of the collaborative research center CRC 1244 “Adaptive Building Skins and Structures for the Built Environment of Tomorrow”, funded by the German Research Foundation. His main research fields are adaptive structures and structural optimization.
Michael Heidingsfeld received the Dipl.-Ing. degree in mechanical engineering from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, in 2012. From 2013 to 2017, he was a Research Assistant at the Institute for System Dynamics, University of Stuttgart, Germany, where he was working on modelling and control of adaptive cable facades. Since 2017, he has been a Control Systems Engineer at Visteon Electronics Germany GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany. His research interests include modelling, identification and control of mechatronic systems, particularly in the field of adaptive structures.
Florian Geiger, M.Sc. is a research assistant at the Institute for Structural Mechanics at the University of Stuttgart. He is member of the collaborative research center CRC 1244 “Adaptive Building Skins and Structures for the Built Environment of Tomorrow”, funded by the German Research Foundation. His main research fields are adaptive structures and non-linear structural mechanics.
Dr. Malte von Scheven is deputy head of the Institute for Structural Mechanics at the University of Stuttgart. He finished his PhD in 2009 at the University of Stuttgart under the guidance of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ekkehard Ramm. His research interests comprise structural mechanics, adaptive structures, optimization, software engineering and high performance computing.
Michael Böhm received the Dipl.-Ing. degree and the Ph.D. degree in engineering cybernetics from the University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany, in 2011 and 2017, respectively. Since 2017, he has been the head of the construction systems engineering group at the Institute for System Dynamics. His current research interests include dynamic modeling and control of mechanical systems and distributed parameter systems with applications to civil engineering.
Prof. Manfred Bischoff is head of the Institute for Structural Mechanics at the University of Stuttgart. He obtained his doctoral degree from the same university in 1999 under supervision of Prof. Ekkehard Ramm and the venia legendi (habilitation) from the Technical University of Munich in 2005. He is member of the executive board of the collaborative research center CRC 1244 “Adaptive Building Skins and Structures for the Built Environment of Tomorrow”. His research interests comprise all fields of computational structural mechanics with an emphasis on shells and finite element technology.
Oliver Sawodny received the Dipl.-Ing. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Karlsruhe, Germany, in 1991, and the Ph.D. degree from the Ulm University, Germany, in 1996. In 2002, he became a Full Professor with the Technical University of Ilmenau, Germany. Since 2005, he has been the Director of the Institute for System Dynamics, University of Stuttgart, Germany. His current research interests include methods of differential geometry, trajectory generation, and applications to mechatronic systems.
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