Zusammenfassung
Eine Systemarchitektur sollte die entsprechenden Funktionen, Dienste und Einschränkungen des Systems unter verschiedenen und verständlichen Beschreibungen darstellen. In dieser Arbeit werden Strategien für Architekturentwurfe vorgestellt und für Echtzeit- und Eingebettete Systeme (RTES) analysiert. In diesem Artikel präsentieren wir ein praktisches Entwurfsmodell einer Architektur für Automobilsysteme anhand von sogenannten Entwurfs-Sichtweisen. Modelle werden in den operativen, funktionalen, logischen und technischen Sichtweisen eines Systems betrachtet und können bei frühen Entwurfsbeschreibungen mehrere funktionale und nicht funktionale Eigenschaften von RTES darstellen. Der vorgeschlagene Ansatz wird in einer industriellen Fallstudie im Automobilbereich evaluiert. Zusätzlich zur Definition der Sichtweisen stellt diese Untersuchung einen spezifischen Rahmen für die RTES-Entwicklung vor. Diese Strategie des Entwurfs kann die Eigenschaften der RTES hervorheben und das System auf verschiedenen Abstraktionsebenen beschreiben. Darüber hinaus wird durch Experteninterviews aus den jeweiligen Systementwurfsdomänen eine Qualitative Bewertung vorgenommen, um zu analysieren, ob die Modelle der entsprechenden Sichtweisen das erwartete und gewünschte Systemverhalten repräsentieren.
Abstract
System architecture should describe the functions, services and constraints of the system under different and intelligible descriptions. In this research, strategies for architectural design are presented and analysed for Real-Time and Embedded Systems (RTES). More specifically, within this paper we present a convenient design model of an architecture for automotive systems through viewpoints of design. Models are considered at the operational, functional, logical and technical views of a system and they are able to represent, at early design descriptions, several functional and non-functional properties of RTES. The proposed approach is adopted in an industrial case study in the automotive domain. In addition to the viewpoints definition, this research presents a specific framework for RTES development. This strategy of design can highlight the properties of the RTES while describing the system in different abstraction levels. In addition, the strategy of research is qualitatively evaluated through interviews with experts of the domain in order to analyse if the viewpoints are representing the expected and desired system behavior.
About the authors
Fabíola Ribeiro received her BSc in Computer Science from Federal University of Goiás (UFG) in 2008, and her MSc in Computer Science from Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), in 2013, both in Brazil. Since 2014, Mrs. Ribeiro is a PhD student in Computer Science from Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU) in cooperation with Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg. Her research interests include specification and design of embedded and real-time systems using UML profiles (SysML and MARTE), verification and validation of Real-Time Embededded Systems and Model-Driven Systems Engineering.
Achim Rettberg works since December 2017 as Professor for Human Machine Interface Technologies at University of Applied Science Hamm/Lippstadt. Previously, he worked since end of 2014 for HELLA as Methodology expert and for inventing a PhD program. Furthermore, he is still extraordinary Professor at Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg. He received his M.S. (Dipl.-Inform.) in computer science and economics in 1997 and his Ph. D. (Dr. rer. nat.) degree in 2006 from the University of Paderborn, Germany. where he studied computer science and economics. He graduated in 1997. From 1992 until 1997 he was employed as a working student for the University of Paderborn and C-LAB. From 1997 until 2000 he worked at C-LAB in industrial projects together with dSPACE and Siemens. From 2001 until 2006 he worked as a Ph.D. student and researcher for the C-LAB in the field of embedded system design. Afterwards he worked from 2007 until 2008 as Post-Doc at C-LAB and managed EU-Projects. In 2008 he became professor of complex integrated systems/embedded systems at the Computer Science department at Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg. Prof. Rettberg is founder and General Chair of the International Embedded Systems Symposium (IESS). Furthermore, he is active in several conference/workshop committees and reviewers for journals. He is chair of the IFIP working group 10.2 for Embedded Systems still April 2012. Prof. Rettberg is author and co-author of more than 150 scientific publications like books, journal articles and conference papers. His general research interests are real-time systems and HW/SW architectures. His current focus lies on design methods, optimization for embedded systems and architectures, and for human machine interface technologies for embedded devices.
Carlos Eduardo Pereira is a Full Professor at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, where he chairs the Control, Automatic, and Robotics Group, a research group. He received the Dr.-Ing. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Stuttgart, Germany in 1995 and has a MSc in Computer Science and and a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering both from UFRGS. He is currently acting as Director of Operations at EMBRAPII in Brazil. He is a researcher level 1 of the Brazilian Research Agency CNPq and has more than 400 technical publications on conferences and journals. He is Associate Editor of the Journals “Control Engineering Practice” and “Annual Reviews in Control” from Elsevier. His research focuses on methodologies and tool support for the development of distributed real-time embedded systems, with special emphasis on automation applications and the use of distributed objects over industrial communication protocols. He has also worked on several research projects in collaboration with industry, mostly dealing with the development of real-time computer-based systems and applying the concepts developed on his scientific research. In 2012 Prof. Pereira received the Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel research award from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.
Michel S. Soares received his BSc in Computer Science in 2000 from Federal University of São Carlos and his MSc in Computer Science in 2004 from Federal University of Uberlândia, both in Brazil, and a PhD with focus on software engineering in 2010 from Delft University of Technology, in The Netherlands. He has worked on several research projects in collaboration with industry and government. Currently he is an Associate Professor at Federal University of Sergipe, in São Cristóvão, Brazil. His research interests include software architecture, model-driven systems engineering, requirements engineering, service-oriented architectures and software quality. Dr. Soares has published more than 110 technical papers in scientific journals, conferences and books.
Danksagung
Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde zum Teil gefördert von CNPq, CAPES, der Bundesuniversität Goiano, Universität Oldenburg und der Universität der angewandten Wissenschaften Hamm-Lippstadt.
Literatur
1. K. Pohl, H. Hnninger, R. Achatz and M. Broy, Model-Based Engineering of Embedded Systems: The SPES 2020 Methodology. 1st ed. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated, 2016.10.1007/978-3-319-48003-9Search in Google Scholar
2. F. Ciccozzi, J. Feljan, J. Carlson and I. Crnković, “Architecture Optimization: Speed or Accuracy? Both!” Software Quality Journal (2016).10.1007/s11219-016-9343-5Search in Google Scholar
3. S. Walter, A. Rettberg and M. Kreutz, “Towards Formalized Model-Based Requirements for a Seamless Design Approach in Safety-Critical Systems Development.” In Int. Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing Workshops (ISORC), pp. 111–115, 2015.10.1109/ISORCW.2015.51Search in Google Scholar
4. J. Choi, E. Jee and D. H. Bae, “Toward Systematic Construction of Timing Diagrams from UML/MARTE Behavioral Models for Time-Triggered Embedded Software.” In 2012 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Software Security and Reliability, pp. 118–127, June 2012.10.1109/SERE.2012.24Search in Google Scholar
5. J. Choi, E. Jee and D. H. Bae, “Timing Consistency Checking for UML/MARTE Behavioral Models.” Software Quality Journal 24 (2016), 835–876.10.1007/s11219-015-9290-6Search in Google Scholar
6. U. Eliasson, R. Heldal, P. Pelliccione and J. Lantz, “Architecting in the Automotive Domain: Descriptive vs Prescriptive Architecture.” In 12th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture, WICSA 2015, Montreal, QC, Canada, May 4–8, 2015, pp. 115–118, 2015.10.1109/WICSA.2015.18Search in Google Scholar
7. F. Sagstetter, M. Lukasiewycz, S. Steinhorst, M. Wolf, A. Bouard, W. R. Harris, S. Jha, T. Peyrin, A. Poschmann and S. Chakraborty, “Security Challenges in Automotive Hardware/Software Architecture Design.” In Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE 2013), pp. 458–463, 2013.10.7873/DATE.2013.102Search in Google Scholar
8. F. G. C. Ribeiro, C. E. Pereira, A. Rettberg and M. S. Soares, “Annotating SysML Models with MARTE Time Stereotypes for Requirements Specification and Design of Real-Time Systems.” In 7th IEEE Workshop on Self-Organizing Real-Time Systems, York, UK., September 2016.Search in Google Scholar
9. F. G. C. Ribeiro, C. E. Pereira, A. Rettberg and M. S. Soares, “Applying MARTE Profile for Optimal Automotive System Specifications and Design.” In 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), Waikiloa Village, Hawaii, January 2017.Search in Google Scholar
10. M. A. Babar, T. Dingsyr, P. Lago and H. van Vliet, Software Architecture Knowledge Management: Theory and Practice., 1st ed. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated, 2009.10.1007/978-3-642-02374-3Search in Google Scholar
11. IEEE42010, “Systems and software engineering – Architecture description.” ISO/IEC/IEEE (2011), 1–46.Search in Google Scholar
12. F. G. C. Ribeiro, C. E. Pereira, A. Rettberg and M. S. Soares, “Model-based requirements Specification of Real-Time Systems with UML, SysML and MARTE.” Software & Systems Modeling (2016), 1–19.10.1007/s10270-016-0525-1Search in Google Scholar
13. N. Navet and F. Simonot-Lion, Automotive Embedded Systems Handbook. 1st ed. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2008.Search in Google Scholar
14. H. Espinoza, D. Cancila, B. Selic and S. Gerard, “Challenges in Combining SysML and MARTE for Model – Based Design of Embedded Systems.” In 5th European Conference (ECMDA-FA), Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 5562, pp. 98–113, Springer, Enschede, The Netherlands, 2009.10.1007/978-3-642-02674-4_8Search in Google Scholar
15. SysML, OMG, OMG – OMG Systems Modeling Language – version 1.4. 2015, Technical Report Formal/2015.06.03.Search in Google Scholar
16. MARTE, Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and Embedded Systems (MARTE) – version 1.1., OMG, 2011, Technical Report Formal/2011.06.02.Search in Google Scholar
17. P. H. Feiler and D. P. Gluch, Model-Based Engineering with AADL: An Introduction to the SAE Architecture Analysis & Design Language. 1st ed. Addison-Wesley Professional, 2012.Search in Google Scholar
18. C. Hofmeister, R. Nord and D. Soni, Applied Software Architecture. 1st ed. Addison-Wesley Professional, 2009.Search in Google Scholar
19. IEEE830, IEEE Recommended Practice for Software Requirements Specifications, 1998.Search in Google Scholar
© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
