Abstract
In the decentralized renewable driven electric energy system, economically viable battery systems become increasingly important for providing grid-related services. End of 2016, STEAG has successfully started the commercial operation of six 15 MW large scale battery systems which have been incorporated in STEAG’s primary control pool. During the commissioning phase, extensive effort has been spent in optimizing the operational efficiency of these systems with promising results. However, the operation experience has shown that there is still significant potential for improving the system behavior as well as reducing the aging of the battery cells. By analyzing historical data of the charging power associated with the state of charge management, opportunities for significantly reducing the operational costs have been identified. By means of more involved model-based control strategies, which adequately consider the specific characteristics of the battery system, and by using mathematical optimization and artificial intelligence, adapting the state of charge management strategy to new applications, these additional cost savings can be obtained. Apart from giving insights into the operational experience with large scale battery systems, the contribution of this paper lies in proposing strategies for reducing the operational costs of the battery system using classical approaches as well as mathematical optimization and neural networks. These approaches will be illustrated by simulation results.
Zusammenfassung
In der zunehmend dezentralen und auf erneuerbaren Energien beruhenden Energieversorgung werden wirtschaftliche Batteriesysteme für die Bereitstellung netzbezogener Dienstleistungen immer wichtiger. Seit Ende 2016 betreibt STEAG sechs 15-MW-Großbatteriesysteme für die Bereitstellung von Primärregelleistung. In der Inbetriebnahmephase wurden umfassende Maßnahmen umgesetzt, um die Betriebseffizienz dieser Systeme zu verbessern. Die Betriebserfahrung hat jedoch gezeigt, dass es noch erhebliches Potenzial zur Verbesserung des Systemverhaltens sowie zur Reduzierung der Alterung der Batteriezellen gibt. Durch die Analyse historischer Betriebsdaten konnten Maßnahmen zur deutlichen Reduzierung der Betriebskosten identifiziert werden. Neben Einblicken in die Betriebserfahrung mit den Großbatteriesystemen liegt der Fokus dieses Beitrags auf der Vorstellung dieser Maßnahmen. Diese umfassen klassische modellbasierte Regelungsstrategien, die spezifische Eigenschaften des Batteriesystems geeignet berücksichtigen, sowie den Einsatz von mathematischer Optimierung und künstlicher Intelligenz. Die Ansätze werden durch Simulationsergebnisse veranschaulicht.
About the authors
Daniel Lehmann obtained a degree from the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany, in Electrical and Information Engineering and a PhD in 2011 from the Institute of Automation and Computer Control at the same university. After spending one year as a postdoctoral researcher with the Institute of Automatic Control at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Sweden, he has been working with STEAG Energy Services GmbH since 2012, where he joined the Advanced Process Control team. Since 2019, Daniel Lehmann is the head of the department electrical engineering and automation.
Diego Hidalgo Rodríguez pursued undergraduate studies in Mechatronic Engineering at San Buenaventura University in Bogota-Colombia. In 2011 he received his M. Sc. degree in process automation from the TU Dortmund University. From September 2011 until June 2015 he was with the Fraunhofer IWES in Kassel, Germany. From July 2015 until January 2019 he worked in the institute of energy systems, energy efficiency and energy economics (ie3) at the TU Dortmund University as a research associate. He is now in the department electrical engineering and automation within STEAG Energy Services.
Michel Brack graduated with a master’s degree in electrical engineering and information technology with a focus on “electrical power engineering” from the Technical University of Dortmund in 2020. During his time as a student, he worked part-time at Steag Energy Services and wrote his final thesis in collaboration with Steag. Since 2021, Michel Brack has been working in the department electrical engineering and automation within STEAG Energy Services.
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