Abstract
Highly efficient power amplifiers (PAs) and associated linearization techniques have been developed to accommodate the explosive growth in the data transmission rate and application of massive multiple input multiple output (mMIMO) systems. In this paper, energy-efficient integrated Doherty PA monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) and linearization techniques are reviewed for both the sub-6 GHz and millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) fifth-generation (5G) mMIMO systems; different semiconductor processes and architectures are compared and analyzed. Since the 5G protocols have not yet been finalized and PA specifications for mMIMO are still under consideration, it is worth investigating novel design methods to further improve their efficiency and linearity performance. Digital predistortion techniques need to evolve to be adapted in mMIMO systems, and some creative linearity enhancement techniques are needed to simultaneously improve the compensation accuracy and reduce the power consumption.
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References
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Xin LIU, Guan-sheng LV, and De-han WANG wrote and edited the draft of the manuscript. Wen-hua CHEN and Fadhel M. GHANNOUCHI revised and edited the final version.
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Xin LIU, Guan-sheng LV, De-han WANG, Wen-hua CHEN, and Fadhel M. GHANNOUCHI declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61941103)
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Liu, X., Lv, Gs., Wang, Dh. et al. Energy-efficient power amplifiers and linearization techniques for massive MIMO transmitters: a review. Front Inform Technol Electron Eng 21, 72–96 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.1900467
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.1900467
Key words
- Energy-efficient
- Linearization
- Massive multiple input multiple output (mMIMO)
- Monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC)
- Power amplifier