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A study of uplink and downlink channel spatial characteristics in an urban micro scenario at 28 GHz

28 GHz城市微蜂窝场景中上行与下行信道空间特性

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Abstract

This paper presents an empirical study of the uplink and downlink azimuth angle of arrival (AoA) in an urban micro (UMi) scenario at 28 GHz. At present, most UMi measurements are conducted in the downlink and then the uplink situation is inferred assuming channel reciprocity. Although the channel correlation coefficient of the uplink and downlink can be as high as 0.8, this does not mean that they are the same. Only a real uplink measurement can accurately describe its channel conditions, and this is what this study does. A receiver equipped with a rotatable horn antenna is mounted at the base station and the user terminal, respectively, in simulating the uplink and downlink. To improve the angular resolution, we extract the multipath components (MPCs) using the space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization algorithm. Also, a spatial lobe approach is used to cluster the MPCs in the power angular spectrum. By matching MPCs with objects in the environment, we find that direct propagation and first-order reflections are dominant in line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight cases. By comparing our measurement with those in standard channel models, we verify that the AoA of clusters follows a Gaussian distribution in the uplink and downlink. In addition, a two-dimensional Gaussian distribution for ray AoA and power is established to reflect their correlation.

摘要

介绍了28 GHz城市微蜂窝(UMi)场景中上行和下行链路的水平到达角(AoA)实验研究。目前,大多数毫米波频段的角度测量都在下行链路中进行,然后利用信道互易性来推断上行链路情况。尽管上行链路和下行链路的信道相关系数可以高达0.8,但这并不意味着它们完全相同。只有对真实的上行链路进行测量才能准确描述其信道状况,这也是本文的研究目的。在模拟上行链路和下行链路时,将配备有可旋转喇叭天线的接收机分别置于基站和用户终端。为提高角度分辨率,使用空间替代广义期望最大化(SAGE)算法提取多径分量(MPC),然后使用空间波瓣方法对MPC在功率角谱中分簇。通过将MPC与环境中的对象匹配,发现直射传播和一阶反射传播分别在视距(LoS)和非视距(NLoS)情况下占主导地位。通过将测量结果与标准信道模型比较,可以验证AoA的簇心角在上行链路和下行链路中均遵循高斯分布。最后,为簇内多径的AoA和功率建立二维高斯模型,以反映它们的相关性。

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Lab of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China

    Tao Jiang  (姜涛), Jianhua Zhang  (张建华), Pan Tang  (唐盼) & Lei Tian  (田磊)

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  1. Tao Jiang  (姜涛)
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  2. Jianhua Zhang  (张建华)
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  3. Pan Tang  (唐盼)
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  4. Lei Tian  (田磊)
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Contributions

Tao JIANG and Pan TANG designed the research. Tao JIANG processed the data. Tao JIANG and Jianhua ZHANG drafted the manuscript. Jianhua ZHANG and Lei TIAN helped organize the manuscript. Tao JIANG, Jianhua ZHANG, Pan TANG, and Lei TIAN revised and finalized the paper.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jianhua Zhang  (张建华).

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Tao JIANG, Jianhua ZHANG, Pan TANG, and Lei TIAN declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Project supported by the Outstanding Youth Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61925102), the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2020YFB1805002), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62031019), and the BUPT-CMCC Joint Innovation Center

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Jiang, T., Zhang, J., Tang, P. et al. A study of uplink and downlink channel spatial characteristics in an urban micro scenario at 28 GHz. Front Inform Technol Electron Eng 22, 488–502 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2000443

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2000443

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