Abstract
The wavefront control of spin or orbital angular momentum (OAM) is widely applied in the optical and radio fields. However, most passive metasurfaces provide limited manipulations, such as the spin-locked wavefront, a static OAM combination, or an uncontrollable OAM energy distribution. We propose a reflection-type multi-feed metasurface to independently generate multi-mode OAM beams with dynamically switchable OAM combinations and spin states, while simultaneously, the energy distribution of carrying OAM modes is controllable. Specifically, four elements are proposed to overcome the spin-locked phase limitation by combining propagation and geometric phases. The robustness of these elements is analyzed. By involving the amplitude term and multi-feed technology in the design process, the proposed metasurface can generate OAM beams with a controllable energy distribution over modes and switchable mode combinations. OAM-based radio communication with four independent channels is experimentally demonstrated at 14 GHz by employing a pair of the proposed metasurfaces. The powers of different channels are adjustable by the provided amplitude term, and the maximum crosstalk is −9 dB, proving the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method.
摘要
携带自旋和轨道角动量(OAM)的波束在光学和无线电领域中被广泛应用. 然而, 大多数无源波束调控装置只提供有限操作, 例如自旋(极化)锁定的波前、 静态的OAM模式组合或不可控制的OAM能量分配. 本文提出一种多馈源反射型超表面装置, 可以在动态切换OAM模式和极化组合的同时, 对各模式间的能量精确分配. 具体而言, 提出四个结合传播和几何相位的超表面单元来克服自旋锁定相位限制, 并分析这些单元的鲁棒性. 通过引入振幅项和多馈源技术, 所提超表面可以生成具有可控能量和可变模式的OAM电磁波束. 使用所提超表面装置, 搭建了工作在14 GHz的基于OAM模式和圆极化复用的无线电通信系统. 系统中最大串扰是 −9 dB, 证明了所提方法的有效性和实用性.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Lingjun YANG and Sheng SUN designed the research. Lingjun YANG processed the data and drafted the paper. Sheng SUN, Wei E.I. SHA, Long LI, and Jun HU helped organize the paper. Lingjun YANG, Sheng SUN, Wei E. I. SHA, Long LI, and Jun HU revised and finalized the paper.
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Lingjun YANG, Sheng SUN, Wei E. I. SHA, Long LI, and Jun HU declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61971115, 61721001, 61975177, and 61971099)
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Yang, L., Sun, S., Sha, W.E.I. et al. Multi-feed multi-mode metasurface for independent orbital angular momentum communication in dual polarization. Front Inform Technol Electron Eng 24, 1776–1790 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2200471
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2200471
Key words
- Orbital angular momentum (OAM)
- Geometric phase
- Multi-feed metasurface
- Spin-decoupled metasurface
- Vortex beam communication