Abstract
In this paper, an efficient image encryption scheme based on a novel mixed linear–nonlinear coupled map lattice (NMLNCML) system and DNA operations is presented. The proposed NMLNCML system strengthens the chaotic characteristics of the system, and is applicable for image encryption. The main advantages of the proposed method are embodied in its extensive key space; high sensitivity to secret keys; great resistance to chosen-plaintext attack, statistical attack, and differential attack; and good robustness to noise and data loss. Our image cryptosystem adopts the architecture of scrambling, compression, and diffusion. First, a plain image is transformed to a sparsity coefficient matrix by discrete wavelet transform, and plaintext-related Arnold scrambling is performed on the coefficient matrix. Then, semi-tensor product (STP) compressive sensing is employed to compress and encrypt the coefficient matrix. Finally, the compressed coefficient matrix is diffused by DNA random encoding, DNA addition, and bit XOR operation. The NMLNCML system is applied to generate chaotic elements in the STP measurement matrix of compressive sensing and the pseudo-random sequence in DNA operations. An SHA-384 function is used to produce plaintext secret keys and thus makes the proposed encryption algorithm highly sensitive to the original image. Simulation results and performance analyses verify the security and effectiveness of our scheme.
摘要
本文提出一种基于混合线性-非线性耦合逻辑映像格子(NMLNCML)系统和DNA运算的有效图像加密方案. 所提出的NMLNCML系统增强了系统的混沌特性, 适用于图像加密. 该加密系统具有大量的密钥空间; 对密钥的敏感性高; 对选择明文攻击、 统计学攻击和差分攻击具有很强的抵抗能力; 并且对一定程度的噪声和数据丢失有很好的鲁棒性. 提出的图像密码系统采用置乱—压缩—扩散的架构. 首先, 通过离散小波变换将普通图像变换为稀疏系数矩阵, 并对系数矩阵执行与明文相关的Arnold置乱. 然后, 采用半张量积(STP)压缩感知对系数矩阵进行压缩和加密. 最后, 通过DNA随机编码、 DNA加法, 和位XOR运算来扩散压缩系数矩阵. NMLNCML系统用于在压缩传感的STP测量矩阵和DNA操作中的伪随机序列中生成混沌元素. SHA-384函数用于产生明文密钥, 从而使所提出的加密算法对原始图像高度敏感. 仿真结果和性能分析验证了该方案的安全性和有效性.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Yuanyuan LI and Xiaoqing YOU designed the research. Yuanyuan LI, Xiaoqing YOU, Jianquan LU, and Jungang LOU processed the data. Yuanyuan LI, Xiaoqing YOU, and Jungang LOU drafted the paper. Jianquan LU helped organize the paper. Yuanyuan LI, Xiaoqing YOU, Jianquan LU, and Jungang LOU revised and finalized the paper.
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Yuanyuan LI, Xiaoqing YOU, Jianquan LU, and Jungang LOU declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11901297 and 61973078)
List of supplementary materials
Fig. S1 Cipher images under different compression ratios (CRs)
Fig. S2 Decrypted images under different CRs
Fig. S3 Cipher and decrypted images under different intensities of Gaussian noise (GN) and salt and pepper noise (SPN) attacks
Fig. S4 Cipher and decrypted images under different degrees of data loss attacks
Fig. S5 Key sensitivity test in the first case
Fig. S6 Key sensitivity test in the second case
Fig. S7 Histogram information for plain and cipher images
Fig. S8 Correlation distributions of image Lena and its cipher image
Fig. S9 Time proportion of different encryption phases
Fig. S10 Time proportion of different decryption phases
Table S1 Differences between cipher images produced by slightly different keys
Table S2 rxy of adjacent pixels in the plain and cipher images
Table S3 Information entropies of plain and cipher images
Table S4 Information entropy comparison among different methods
Table S5 Differential attack resistance of the proposed scheme
Table S6 Encryption time comparison among different methods
Table S7 Reconstruction time comparison among different semi-tensor product measurements
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Li, Y., You, X., Lu, J. et al. A joint image compression and encryption scheme based on a novel coupled map lattice system and DNA operations. Front Inform Technol Electron Eng 24, 813–827 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2200645
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2200645