Abstract
The use of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) in the enhancement of the rate performance is considered to involve the limitation of the RIS being a passive reflector. To address this issue, we propose a RIS-aided amplify-and-forward (AF) relay network in this paper. By jointly optimizing the beamforming matrix at AF relay and the phase-shift matrices at RIS, two schemes are put forward to address a maximizing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) problem. First, aiming at achieving a high rate, a high-performance alternating optimization (AO) method based on Charnes–Cooper transformation and semidefinite programming (CCT-SDP) is proposed, where the optimization problem is decomposed into three subproblems solved using CCT-SDP, and rank-one solutions can be recovered using Gaussian randomization. However, the optimization variables in the CCT-SDP method are matrices, leading to extremely high complexity. To reduce the complexity, a low-complexity AO scheme based on Dinkelbachs transformation and successive convex approximation (DT-SCA) is proposed, where the variables are represented in vector form, and the three decoupling subproblems are solved using DT-SCA. Simulation results verify that compared to three benchmarks (i.e., a RIS-assisted AF relay network with random phase, an AF relay network without RIS, and a RIS-aided network without AF relay), the proposed CCT-SDP and DT-SCA schemes can harvest better rate performance. Furthermore, it is revealed that the rate of the low-complexity DT-SCA method is close to that of the CCT-SDP method.
摘要
使用可重构智能表面(RIS)增强速率性能涉及到RIS作为无源反射器的局限性. 为解决这一问题, 本文提出RIS辅助放大转发(AF)中继网络. 为使信噪比最大化, 提出两种方法联合优化AF中继的波束成形矩阵和RIS的相移矩阵. 首先, 为获得高速率, 提出一种基于Charnes-Cooper变换和半定规划(CCT-SDP)的高性能交替优化(AO)方法. 其中, 将优化问题分解为3个子问题, 并通过CCT-SDP和高斯随机化方法分别求解子问题和恢复秩一解. 然而, CCT-SDP方法中优化矩阵变量会带来极高复杂度. 为降低复杂度, 提出一种基于Dinkelbachs变换和连续凸近似(DT-SCA)的低复杂度AO方法. 其中, 优化变量是向量, 并通过DT-SCA方法求解3个解耦的子问题. 仿真结果表明, 与3个基准(即具有随机相位的RIS辅助的AF中继网络、 没有RIS的AF中继网络和没有AF中继的RIS辅助的网络)相比, 所提CCT-SDP和DT-SCA方法可以获得更好的速率性能. 此外, 低复杂度的DT-SCA方法与CCT-SDP方法速率接近.
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Due to the nature of this research, participants of this study did not agree for their data to be shared publicly, so supporting data are not available.
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Xuehui WANG and Feng SHU designed the research. Xuehui WANG, Riqing CHEN, and Peng ZHANG processed the data. Xuehui WANG and Qi ZHANG drafted the paper. Guiyang XIA and Weiping SHI helped organize the paper. Feng SHU and Jiangzhou WANG revised and finalized the paper.
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Xuehui WANG, Feng SHU, Riqing CHEN, Peng ZHANG, Qi ZHANG, Guiyang XIA, Weiping SHI, and Jiangzhou WANG declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U22A2002 and 62071234), the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund, China (No. ZDKJ2021022), and the Scientific Research Fund Project of Hainan University, China (No. KYQD(ZR)-21008)
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Wang, X., Shu, F., Chen, R. et al. Beamforming design for RIS-aided amplify-and-forward relay networks. Front Inform Technol Electron Eng 24, 1728–1738 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2300118
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2300118
Key words
- Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)
- Amplify-and-forward (AF) relay
- Beamforming
- Phase shift
- Semidefinite programming
- Successive convex approximation