Abstract
Complex beams play important roles in wireless communications, radar, and satellites, and have attracted great interest in recent years. In light of this background, we present a fast and efficient approach to realize complex beams by using semidefinite relaxation (SDR) optimization and amplitude-phase digital coding metasurfaces. As the application examples of this approach, complex beam patterns with cosecant, flat-top, and double shapes are designed and verified using full-wave simulations and experimental measurements. The results show excellent main lobes and low-level side lobes and demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. Compared with previous works, this approach can solve the complex beam-forming problem more rapidly and effectively. Therefore, the approach will be of great significance in the design of beam-forming systems in wireless applications.
摘要
复杂波束在无线通信、 雷达和卫星等领域发挥着重要作用, 近年来引起人们的极大兴趣. 在此背景下, 提出一种利用半定松弛优化和幅相数字编码超表面实现复杂波束的快速有效方法. 作为该方法的应用实例, 设计了具有余割、 平顶和双峰形状的复杂波束, 并通过全波模拟和实验测量进行了验证, 结果具有良好的主瓣和副瓣性能, 证明了该方法的有效性. 与以往工作相比, 该方法可以更快、 更有效地解决复杂的波束形成问题, 对无线应用中波束形成系统的设计具有重要意义.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.
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Contributions
Junwei WU designed the research. Junwei WU and Qiong HUA participated in the theoretical analysis and experimental designs, and drafted the paper. All the authors revised and finalized the paper.
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Tie Jun CUI is the editor-in-chief of this special issue, and Qiang CHENG is an executive lead editor of this special issue; they were not involved with the peer review process of this paper. All the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2021YFA1401002 and 2018YFA070194), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 62171124, 62288101, and 62225108), the Major Key Project of Peng Cheng Laboratory, China (No. PCL2023AS1-2), the 111 Project, China (No. 111-2-05), the Jiangsu Provincial Frontier Leading Technology Basic Research Project, China (No. BK20212002), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (No. 2242023k5002), and the Jiangsu Provincial Innovation and Entrepreneurship Doctor Program, China
List of supplementary materials
1 Co-polarization patterns
2 Gain of the metasurfaces
Table S1 Summary of the peak values of the scattered patterns
Fig. S1 Co-polarization pattern of the cosecant-beam meta-surface
Fig. S2 Co-polarization pattern of the flat-top-beam meta-surface
Fig. S3 Co-polarization pattern of the double-beam meta-surface
Fig. S4 Scattered patterns of the cosecant-beam metasurface and an equal-size metal plate
Fig. S5 Scattered patterns of the flat-top-beam metasurface and an equal-size metal plate
Fig. S6 Scattered patterns of the double-beam metasurface and an equal-size metal plate
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Wu, J., Hua, Q., Xu, H. et al. Realizing complex beams via amplitude-phase digital coding metasurfaces and semidefinite relaxation optimization. Front Inform Technol Electron Eng 24, 1708–1716 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2300146
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2300146