概要
传统无线通信系统广泛利用了远场空间资源。随着6G网络的出现, 近场资源的探索和利用势在必行。这些资源为无线通信系统引入了新的物理空间维度。通过利用更高频段并结合智能超表面(RIS)、超大规模多入多出(XL-MIMO)和无蜂窝网络等技术, 近场通信将成为6G网络的关键推动因素。这种范式转变挑战了传统的远场平面波假设, 需要重新评估空间资源管理策略。
尽管传统系统已有效利用远场空间资源, 但在6G网络中采用近场空间资源为重新定义无线通信系统提供了机会。这种向近场通信的转变促进了对创新技术范式的研究。近场通信有可能显著提高频谱效率、数据传输速率和空间分辨率, 从而在增强现实、高精度定位、通感一体化以及安全无线能量传输等领域实现先进应用。影响近场通信开发和应用的关键因素包括近场传播和信道建模、提高空间资源利用率、硬件挑战以及工程实践与标准化。这些领域强调了近场通信的多面性, 反映了在标准化工作的同时, 对建模、技术、硬件开发和工程实践进步的需求。近场通信具有推动无线技术发展的变革潜力, 为消费者、工业和安全等领域的应用提供了新的可能。
在此背景下, 中国工程院院刊《信息与电子工程前沿(英文)》邀请张平院士担任主编, 赵亚军总工、戴凌龙教授、Marco di Renzo教授担任执行主编, 组织出版了“近场通信理论与应用”专刊。专刊收录12篇文章, 包括2篇综述、5篇研究、5篇通讯, 内容涵盖近场传播基本原理、信道模型的发展、传统机制在近场环境中面临的限制等, 此外包含XL-MIMO信道研究、同时无线信息和能量传输(SWIPT)系统以及RIS的最新研究进展, 以及它们在增强通信系统中的应用。
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Yajun ZHAO holds a doctoral degree. Since 2010, he has served as a chief engineer at the Wireless and Computing Product R&D Institute of ZTE Corporation. Previously, he conducted wireless technology research at Huawei’s Wireless Research Department. His current work focuses on 5G standardization and development of future mobile communication technologies, particularly 6G. He was instrumental in founding the RIS TECH Alliance, and serves as its deputy secretary general. In addition, he is a founding member and deputy leader of the RIS Task Group under the China IMT-2030 (6G) Promotion Group. To date, he holds more than 200 granted patents related to 4G LTE and 5G NR mobile communication technologies, over 20 of them being adopted into 4G/5G standards as standard essential patents. His research interests include RIS, near-field communications, spectrum sharing, flexible duplex, and coordinated multipoint transmission (CoMP).
Linglong DAI is a professor in the Department of Electronic Engineering at Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. He has published over 100 IEEE journal papers and more than 60 IEEE conference papers. He is also the holder of 21 granted patents and coauthored the book “mmWave Massive MIMO: a Paradigm for 5G” (Academic Press, Elsevier, 2016). He has received many awards, including six IEEE conference best paper awards at IEEE ICC/GLOBECOM/VTC, the Electronics Letters Best Paper Award in 2016, the IEEE ComSoc Asia–Pacific Outstanding Young Researcher Award in 2017, the IEEE ComSoc Leonard G. Abraham Prize in 2020, and the IEEE ComSoc Stephen O. Rice Prize and IEEE ICC Outstanding Demo Award in 2022. He was named an IEEE Fellow in 2021, and was supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars in 2023. Recognized as a Highly Cited Researcher by Clarivate from 2020 to 2023, his research encompasses transmission theory and technology for wireless communications. His specific interests include massive MIMO, RIS, millimeter-wave and terahertz communications, machine learning for wireless communications, near-field communications, and electromagnetic information theory.
Jianhua ZHANG received her BS degree from North China University of Technology in 1994 and her PhD degree from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT) in 2003. She was a guest PhD researcher at Hamburg University of Technology, Germany, from February to October, 2002. Currently, she is a professor at BUPT, a fellow of the Chinese Institute of Electronics and the China Institute of Communications, a deputy director of the State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, and the director of the BUPT-CMCC Joint Research Center. She has authored over 300 papers in top IEEE journals and conferences, earning eight best paper awards. She has also published five books and three book chapters, and has been granted over 70 patents, receiving distinctions such as the Chinese Patent Excellence Award and a gold medal at the Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions. She is a recipient of the Young Female Scientist Award. She serves as an Executive Associate Editor-in-Chief of Front Inform Technol Electron Eng, an Associate Editor of IEEE Trans Antenn Propag, the Executive Editor-in-Chief of Engineering’s special issue, and the Lead Guest Editor of IEEE Antenn Wirel Propag Lett’s special issue. Previously, she served as an Associate Editor of IEEE Wirel Commun Lett and Lead Guest Editor of IEEE Commun Mag’s special issue. She has delivered over 30 invited talks, including a keynote at EuCAP and tutorials at IEEE WCNC, VTC, and ICC. As the 2016–2017 Chairwoman of the ITU-R IMT-2020 Channel Model Drafting Group, she contributed over 100 proposals to ITU-R, IMT, and 3GPP. She currently chairs the China IMT-2030 Technology Group’s Channel Measurement and Modeling Subgroup. Her research focuses on 5G-A and 6G channel models, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), XL-MIMO, RIS, and AI-enabled channel prediction, digital twin, and testing technologies.
Ping ZHANG received his PhD degree from BUPT in 1990. He is a professor with the School of Information and Communication Engineering at BUPT, the director of the State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, a member of the IMT-2020 (5G) Experts Panel, and a member of the Experts Panel for China’s 6G development. Previously, he served as a chief scientist of the National Basic Research Program (973 Program), an expert in the Information Technology Division of the National High-Tech R&D Program (863 Program), and a member of the Consultant Committee on International Cooperation of the National Natural Science Foundation of China. He is also an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. His research spans a broad range of topics in wireless communications.
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Zhao, Y., Dai, L., Zhang, J. et al. Near-field communications: theories and applications. Front Inform Technol Electron Eng 25, 1575–1579 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2440000
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2440000