Abstract—
Data aggregation methods are developed and studied to increase the performance of intrusion detection systems in cyber-physical systems (CPS’s). What makes this work stick out is that it deals with the aggregation of data represented as time series with different periods in intrusion prediction and detection methods. The requirements on CPS data aggregation are given, and new methods of hierarchical and multidimensional streaming data aggregation are studied. Methods of multidimensional data aggregation based on trees and a directed graph are proposed and compared. For experimental evaluation, a prototype of a data aggregation system with systems of hierarchical and multidimensional aggregation is designed. The performance of the designed prototype is estimated, and the size of the required memory is given for each proposed method. An application technique is presented for the solutions with the parameters of the systems where the application of the developed methods is most efficiently described.
REFERENCES
Xu, L.D. and Duan, L., Big data for cyber physical systems in industry 4.0: A survey, Enterprise Inf. Syst., 2019, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 148–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2018.1442934
Zaitseva, E.A. and Lavrova, D.S., Self-regulation of the network infrastructure of cyberphysical systems on the basis of the genome assembly problem, Autom. Control Comput. Sci., 2020, vol. 54, no. 8, pp. 813–821. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0146411620080350
Lavrova, M., Poltavtseva, M., and Shtyrkina, A., Security analysis of cyber-physical systems network infrastructure, 2018 IEEE Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS), St. Petersburg, 2018, IEEE, 2018, pp. 818–823. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPHYS.2018.8390812
Leland, W.E., Taqqu, M.S., Willinger, W., and Wilson, D.V., On the self-similar nature of ethernet traffic, SIGCO-MM ’93: Conf. Proc. on Communications Architectures, Protocols and Applications, San Francisco, 1993, New York: Association for Computing Machinery, 1993, pp. 183–193. https://doi.org/10.1145/166237.166255
Feldmann, A., Gilbert, A.C., Willinger, W., and Kurtz, T.G., The changing nature of network traffic: Scaling phenomena, ACM SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev., 1998, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 5–29. https://doi.org/10.1145/279345.279346
Zegzhda, D., Lavrova, D., and Khushkeev, A., Detection of information security breaches in distributed control systems based on values prediction of multidimensional time series, 2019 IEEE Int. Conf. on Industrial Cyber Physical Systems (ICPS), Taipei, Taiwan, 2019, IEEE, 2019, pp. 780–784. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPHYS.2019.8780304
Cardenas, A.A., Amin, S., and Sastry, S., Secure control: towards survivable cyber-physical systems, 28th Int. Conf. on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops, Beijing, 2008, IEEE, 2008, pp. 495–500. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCS.Workshops.2008.40
Bakalash, R., Shaked, G., and Caspi, J., System with a data aggregation module generating aggregated data for responding to OLAP analysis queries in a user transparent manner, US Patent no. 8170984, 2012.
Williamson, E., Systems and methods for hierarchical aggregation of multi-dimensional data sources, US Patent no. 8495007, 2013.
Leonard, M.J., Crowe, K.E., Christian, S.M., Beeman, J.L.S., Elsheimer, D.B., and Blair, E.T., Computer-implemented systems and methods for efficient structuring of time series data, US Patent no. 9244887, 2016.
Hughes, D.A. and Singh, P.K., Hierarchical aggregation of select network traffic statistics, US Patent 16581637, 2020.
Wan, S., Zhang, Y., and Chen, J., On the construction of data aggregation tree with maximizing lifetime in large-scale wireless sensor networks, IEEE Sensors J., 2016, vol. 16, no. 20, pp. 7433–7440. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2016.2581491
Tsai, T.Y., Lan, W.-Chi, Liu, Ch., and Sun, M.-T., Distributed compressive data aggregation in large-scale wireless sensor networks, J. Adv. Comput. Networks, 2013, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 295–300. https://doi.org/10.7763/JACN.2013.V1.59
Tian, J., Marrón, P.J., and Rothermel, K., Location-based hierarchical data aggregation in vehicular ad hoc networks, Kommunikation in verteilten Systemen (KiVS), Müller, P., Gotzhein, R., and Schmitt, J.B., Eds., Informatik Aktuell, Berlin: Springer, 2005, pp. 166–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27301-8_14
Dietzel, S., Petit, J., Kargl, F., and Scheuermann, B., In-network aggregation for vehicular ad hoc networks, IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials, 2014, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 1909–1932. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2014.2320091
Wang, H. and Chen, H., On the construction of data aggregation tree with maximized lifetime in wireless sensor networks, 11th Int. Conf. on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP), Xi’an, China, 2019, IEEE, 2019, pp. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/WCSP.2019.8928026
Poltavtseva, M.A., Zegzhda, P.D., and Pankov, I.D., The hierarchial data aggregation method in backbone traffic streaming analyzing to ensure digital systems information security, 2018 Eleventh Int. Conf. Management of Large-Scale System Development (MLSD), Moscow, 2018, IEEE, 2018, pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/MLSD.2018.8551916
Poltavtseva, M. and Andreeva, T., Multi-dimensional data aggregation in the analysis of self-similar processes, Nonlinear Phenom. Complex Syst., 2020, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 262–269. https://doi.org/10.33581/1561-4085-2020-23-3-262-269
Aung, K.M., Secure water treatment testbed (SWaT): An overview, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 2015.
Kuznetsov, S.D., New storage devices and the future of database management, Baltic J. Mod. Comput., 2018, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.22364/bjmc.2018.6.1.01
Kleppmann, M., Designing Data-Intensive Applications: The Big Ideas behind Reliable, Scalable, and Maintainable Systems, Boston: O’Reilly Media, 2017.
Kalinin, M. and Krundyshev, V., Analysis of a huge amount of network traffic based on quantum machine learning, Autom. Control Comput. Sci., 2021, vol. 55, no. 8, pp. 1165–1174. https://doi.org/10.3103/S014641162108040X
Kalinin, M. and Krundyshev, V., Security intrusion detection using quantum machine learning techniques, J. Comput. Virol. Hacking Tech., 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11416-022-00435-0
Funding
The work was performed as part of the State assignment for basic research (topic code 0784-2020-0026).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Translated by M. Talacheva
About this article
Cite this article
Poltavtseva, M.A., Andreeva, T.M. Methods of Multidimensional Aggregation of Time Series of Streaming Data for Cyber-Physical System Monitoring. Aut. Control Comp. Sci. 56, 829–837 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0146411622080181
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S0146411622080181