Article

Practical PACE for embedded systems

Authors:

Daniel MossAuthors Info & Claims

EMSOFT '04: Proceedings of the 4th ACM international conference on Embedded software

Pages 54 - 63

https://doi.org/10.1145/1017753.1017767

Published: 27 September 2004 Publication History

Abstract

In current embedded systems, one of the major concerns is energy conservation. The dynamic voltage-scheduling (DVS) framework, which involves dynamically adjusting the voltage and frequency of the CPU, has become a well studied technique. It has been shown that if a task's computational requirement is only known probabilistically, there is no constant optimal speed for the task and the expected energy consumption is minimized by gradually increasing speed as the task progresses citelorchsmith. It is possible to find the optimal speed schedule if we assume continuous speed and a well defined power function, which are assumptions that do not hold in practice. In this paper, we study the problem from a practical point of view, that is, we study the case of discrete speeds and make no restriction on the form of the power functions. Furthermore, we take into account processor idle power and speed change overhead, which were ignored in previous similar studies. We present a fully polynomial time approximation scheme (FPTAS), which has performance guarantees and usually obtains solutions very close to the optimal solution in practice. Our evaluation shows that our algorithm performs very well and generally obtains solutions within 0.1.

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Cited By

Gaujal BGirault APlassart S(2024)An MDP-based solution for the energy minimization of non-clairvoyant hard real-time systemsReal-Time Systems10.1007/s11241-024-09433-5Online publication date: 5-Dec-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-024-09433-5
Huang KWang KZheng DJiang XZhang XYan RYan X(2021)Expected Energy Optimization for Real-Time Multiprocessor SoCs Running Periodic Tasks with Uncertain Execution TimeIEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing10.1109/TSUSC.2018.28536216:3(398-411)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/TSUSC.2018.2853621
Schwedock BBeckmann N(2020)Jumanji: The Case for Dynamic NUCA in the Datacenter2020 53rd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO)10.1109/MICRO50266.2020.00061(665-680)Online publication date: Oct-2020
https://doi.org/10.1109/MICRO50266.2020.00061
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Index Terms

Practical PACE for embedded systems
1. Computer systems organization
  1. Embedded and cyber-physical systems
    1. Embedded systems
2. Software and its engineering
  1. Software organization and properties
    1. Contextual software domains
      1. Operating systems
        Process management
        Scheduling
    2. Software system structures
      1. Embedded software
      2. Real-time systems software

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cover image ACM Conferences

EMSOFT '04: Proceedings of the 4th ACM international conference on Embedded software

September 2004

316 pages

ISBN:1581138601

DOI:10.1145/1017753

General Chair:
Giorgio Buttazzo
University of Pavia, Italy

Copyright © 2004 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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SIGBED: ACM Special Interest Group on Embedded Systems

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 27 September 2004

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EMSOFT04

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SIGBED

EMSOFT04: Fourth ACM International Conference on Embedded Software 2004

September 27 - 29, 2004

Pisa, Italy

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Overall Acceptance Rate 60 of 203 submissions, 30%

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Cited By

Gaujal BGirault APlassart S(2024)An MDP-based solution for the energy minimization of non-clairvoyant hard real-time systemsReal-Time Systems10.1007/s11241-024-09433-5Online publication date: 5-Dec-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-024-09433-5
Huang KWang KZheng DJiang XZhang XYan RYan X(2021)Expected Energy Optimization for Real-Time Multiprocessor SoCs Running Periodic Tasks with Uncertain Execution TimeIEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing10.1109/TSUSC.2018.28536216:3(398-411)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/TSUSC.2018.2853621
Schwedock BBeckmann N(2020)Jumanji: The Case for Dynamic NUCA in the Datacenter2020 53rd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO)10.1109/MICRO50266.2020.00061(665-680)Online publication date: Oct-2020
https://doi.org/10.1109/MICRO50266.2020.00061
Fu CZhao YLi MXue C(2017)Maximizing Common Idle Time on Multicore Processors With Shared MemoryIEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems10.1109/TVLSI.2017.266997325:7(2095-2108)Online publication date: Jul-2017
https://doi.org/10.1109/TVLSI.2017.2669973
Bambagini MMarinoni MAydin HButtazzo G(2016)Energy-Aware Scheduling for Real-Time SystemsACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems10.1145/280823115:1(1-34)Online publication date: 13-Jan-2016
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2808231
Thammawichai MKerrigan E(2016)Feedback scheduling for energy-efficient real-time homogeneous multiprocessor systems2016 IEEE 55th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)10.1109/CDC.2016.7798501(1643-1648)Online publication date: Dec-2016
https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.2016.7798501
Zeng GMatsubara YTomiyama HTakada H(2016)Energy-aware task migration for multiprocessor real-time systemsFuture Generation Computer Systems10.1016/j.future.2015.07.00856:C(220-228)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2016
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.future.2015.07.008
Kasture HBartolini DBeckmann NSanchez DPrvulovic M(2015)RubikProceedings of the 48th International Symposium on Microarchitecture10.1145/2830772.2830797(598-610)Online publication date: 5-Dec-2015
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2830772.2830797
Li GZhang YLi J(2015)Crenel-Interval-Based Dynamic Power Management for Periodic Real-Time SystemsACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems10.1145/274419714:4(1-32)Online publication date: 24-Sep-2015
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2744197
Ren SDeligiannis NAndreopoulos YIslam Mvan der Schaar M(2014)Dynamic Scheduling for Energy Minimization in Delay-Sensitive Stream MiningIEEE Transactions on Signal Processing10.1109/TSP.2014.234726062:20(5439-5448)Online publication date: Oct-2014
https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2014.2347260
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