skip to main content
article

Optimal voltage allocation techniques for dynamically variable voltage processors

Published: 01 February 2005 Publication History

Abstract

This paper presents important, new results of a study on the problem of task scheduling and voltage allocation in dynamically variable voltage processors, the purpose of which was minimization of processor energy consumption. The contributions are twofold: (1) For given multiple discrete supply voltages and tasks with arbitrary arrival-time/deadline constraints, we propose a voltage allocation technique that produces a feasible task schedule with optimal processor energy consumption. (2) We then extend the problem to include the case in which tasks have nonuniform loads (i.e.; switched) capacitances and solve it optimally. The proposed technique, called Alloc-vt, in (1) is based on the prior results in [Yao, Demers and Shenker. 1995. In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science. 374--382] (which is optimal for dynamically continuously variable voltages, but not for discrete ones) and [Ishihara and Yasuura. 1998. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design. 197--202] (which is optimal for a single task, but not for multiple tasks), whereas the proposed technique, called Alloc-vtcap, in (2) is based on an efficient linear programming (LP) formulation. Both techniques solve the allocation problems optimally in polynomial time.

References

[1]
http://www.ilog.com. ILOG, Inc.
[2]
Aydin, H., Melhem, R., Mosse, D., and Mejia-Alvarez, P. 2001. Determining optimal processor speeds for periodic real-time tasks with different power characteristics. In Proceedings of Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems. 225--232.
[3]
Bambha, N., Bhattacharyya, S. S., Telch, J., and Zitzler, E. 2001. Hybrid search strategies for dynamically voltage scaling in embedded multiprocessors. In Proceedings of International Workshop on Hardware/Software Co-Design. 243--248.
[4]
Bertsimas, D. and Tsitsiklis, J. N. 1997. Introduction to Linear Programming. Athena Scientific Publisher, Chs. 8 and 9.
[5]
Chandrasena, L. H., Chandrasena, P., and Liebelt, M. J. 2001. An energy efficient rate selection algorithm for voltage quantized dynamic voltage scaling. In Proceedings of International Symposium on System Synthesis. 124--129.
[6]
Chang, J.-M. and Pedram, M. 1997. Energy minimization using multiple supply voltages. IEEE Trans. VLSI Syst. 5, 4 (Dec.), 436--443.
[7]
Hong, I., Kirovski, D., Qu, G., Potkonjak, M., and Srivastavaz, M. B. 1998. Vpower optimization of variable voltage core-based systems. In Proceedings of Design Automation Conference. 176--181.
[8]
Ishihara, T. and Yasuura, H. 1998. Voltage scheduling problem for dynamically variable voltage processors. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design. 197--202.
[9]
Johnson, M. C. and Roy, K. 1997. Datapath scheduling with multiple supply voltages and level converters. ACM Trans. Design Automation Electronic Syst. 2, 3 (July), 227--248.
[10]
Kwon, W. and Kim, T. 2003. Optimal voltage allocation techniques for dynamically variable voltage processors. In Proceedings of Design Automation Conference. 125--130.
[11]
Lin, Y.-R., Hwang, C.-T., and Wu, A. C. 1997. Scheduling techniques for variable voltage low power designs. ACM Trans. Design Automation of Electronic Syst. 2, 2 (Apr.), 81--97.
[12]
Luo, J. and Jha, N. K. 2003. Power-profile driven variable voltage scaling for heterogeneous distributed real-time embedded systems. In Proceedings of International Conference on VLSI Design. 369--375.
[13]
Manzak, A. and Chakrabarti, C. 2003. Variable voltage task scheduling algorithms for minimizing energy/power. IEEE Trans. VLSI Syst. 11, 2 (Apr.), 270--276.
[14]
Mochocki, B., Hu, X. S., and Quan, G. 2002. A realistic variable voltage scheduling model for real-time applications. In Proceedings of International Conference on Computer-Aided Design. 726--731.
[15]
Quan, G. and Hu, X. S. 2001. Energy efficient fixed-priority scheduling for real-time systems on variable voltage processors. In Proceedings of Design Automation Conference. 828--833.
[16]
Quan, G. and Hu, X. S. 2002. Minimum energy fixed-priority scheduling for variable voltage processors. In Proceedings of Design Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition. 782--787.
[17]
Raje, S. and Sarrafzadeh, M. 1995. Variable voltage scheduling. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design. 9--14.
[18]
Schmitz, M. T. and Al-Hashimi, B. M. 2001. Considering power variables of dvs processing elements for energy minimization in distributed systems. In Proceedings of International Symposium on System Synthesis. 250--255.
[19]
Shang, L., Peh, L.-S., and Jha, N. K. 2003. Dynamic voltage scaling with links for power optimization of interconnection networks. In Proceedings of International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture. 91--102.
[20]
Shin, Y. and Choi, K. 1999. Power conscious fixed priority scheduling for hard real-time systems. In Proceedings of Design Automation Conference. 134--139.
[21]
Shin, Y., Choi, K., and Sakurai, T. 2000. Power optimization of real-time embedded systems on variable speed processors. In Proceedings of International Conference on Computer-Aided Design. 365--368.
[22]
Sinha, A. and Chandrakasan, A. P. 2001. Jouletrack---A web based tool for software energy profiling. In Proceedings of Design Automation Conference. 220--225.
[23]
Sinha, A. and Chanrakasan, A. P. 2001. Energy efficient real-time scheduling. In Proceedings of International Conference on Computer-Aided Design. 458--463.
[24]
Yao, F., Demers, A., and Shenker, S. 1995. A scheduling model for reduced cpu energy. In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science. 374--382.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Learning-Augmented Energy-Aware List Scheduling for Precedence-Constrained TasksACM Transactions on Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Computing Systems10.1145/36802789:4(1-24)Online publication date: 1-Aug-2024
  • (2022)Speed scaling scheduling of multiprocessor jobs with energy constraint and makespan criterionJournal of Global Optimization10.1007/s10898-021-01115-x83:3(539-564)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2022
  • (2021)Concerto: Dynamic Processor Scaling for Distributed Data Systems with ReplicationApplied Sciences10.3390/app1112573111:12(5731)Online publication date: 21-Jun-2021
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. Optimal voltage allocation techniques for dynamically variable voltage processors

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems  Volume 4, Issue 1
February 2005
254 pages
ISSN:1539-9087
EISSN:1558-3465
DOI:10.1145/1053271
Issue’s Table of Contents

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Journal Family

Publication History

Published: 01 February 2005
Published in TECS Volume 4, Issue 1

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. Dynamic voltage scaling
  2. low power design
  3. scheduling
  4. variable voltage processor

Qualifiers

  • Article

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)10
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1
Reflects downloads up to 10 Feb 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Learning-Augmented Energy-Aware List Scheduling for Precedence-Constrained TasksACM Transactions on Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Computing Systems10.1145/36802789:4(1-24)Online publication date: 1-Aug-2024
  • (2022)Speed scaling scheduling of multiprocessor jobs with energy constraint and makespan criterionJournal of Global Optimization10.1007/s10898-021-01115-x83:3(539-564)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2022
  • (2021)Concerto: Dynamic Processor Scaling for Distributed Data Systems with ReplicationApplied Sciences10.3390/app1112573111:12(5731)Online publication date: 21-Jun-2021
  • (2020)Task Scheduling for Energy Consumption Constrained Parallel Applications on Heterogeneous Computing SystemsIEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems10.1109/TPDS.2019.295953331:5(1165-1182)Online publication date: 1-May-2020
  • (2020)Flow shop for dual CPUs in dynamic voltage scalingTheoretical Computer Science10.1016/j.tcs.2017.09.014819(24-34)Online publication date: Jun-2020
  • (2018)ISAECC: An Improved Scheduling Approach for Energy Consumption Constrained Parallel Applications on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems2018 IEEE 24th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS)10.1109/PADSW.2018.8645012(267-274)Online publication date: Dec-2018
  • (2018)Energy-optimal dynamic voltage scaling in multicore platforms with reconfigurable power distribution network2018 19th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)10.1109/ISQED.2018.8357261(31-36)Online publication date: Mar-2018
  • (2018)Experimental study of energy and time constrained task scheduling with irregular speed and power levelsSustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems10.1016/j.suscom.2018.07.00619(61-71)Online publication date: Sep-2018
  • (2018)Scheduling parallel tasks with energy and time constraints on multiple manycore processors in a cloud computing environmentFuture Generation Computer Systems10.1016/j.future.2017.01.01082(591-605)Online publication date: May-2018
  • (2018)Resource cost aware schedulingEuropean Journal of Operational Research10.1016/j.ejor.2018.02.059269:2(621-632)Online publication date: Sep-2018
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Full Access

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media