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Optimal procrastinating voltage scheduling for hard real-time systems

Published: 13 June 2005 Publication History

Abstract

This paper presents an optimal procrastinating voltage scheduling (OP-DVS) for hard real-time systems using stochastic workload information. Algorithms are presented for both single-task and multi-task workloads. Offline calculations provide real-time guarantees for worst-case execution, and online scheduling reclaims slack time and schedules tasks accordingly. The OP-DVS algorithm is provably optimal in terms of energy minimization with no deadline misses. Simulation results show up to 30% energy savings for single-task workloads and 74% for multi-task workloads compared to using a constant worst-case execution voltage. The complexity of the algorithm for multi-task workloads is linear to the number of tasks involved.

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T. Pering, T. Burd, and R. Brodersen. Voltage Scheduling in the lpARM Microprocessor System. In Proc. of ISLPED, 2000.
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J. R. Lorch and A.J. Smith. PACE: A New Approach to Dynamic Voltage Scaling. IEEE Tran. on Computers, July 2004.
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F. Gruian. Hard Real-Time Scheduling for Low-Energy Using Stochastic Data and DVS Processors. In Proc. of ISLPED, 2001.
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D. Roychowdhury, I. Koren, C. M. Krishna, Y.H.Lee. A voltage scheduling heuristic for real-time task graphs. In Proc. of Intl. Conf. On Dependable Systems and Networks, June 2003.
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Cited By

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  • (2024)An MDP-based solution for the energy minimization of non-clairvoyant hard real-time systemsReal-Time Systems10.1007/s11241-024-09433-5Online publication date: 5-Dec-2024
  • (2021)Expected Energy Optimization for Real-Time Multiprocessor SoCs Running Periodic Tasks with Uncertain Execution TimeIEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing10.1109/TSUSC.2018.28536216:3(398-411)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2021
  • (2012)T-AllocFuture Generation Computer Systems10.1016/j.future.2011.04.02028:5(791-800)Online publication date: 1-May-2012
  • Show More Cited By

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cover image ACM Conferences
DAC '05: Proceedings of the 42nd annual Design Automation Conference
June 2005
984 pages
ISBN:1595930582
DOI:10.1145/1065579
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Publication History

Published: 13 June 2005

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Author Tags

  1. dynamic voltage scaling
  2. optimization algorithm
  3. power management
  4. real-time scheduling

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DAC05
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DAC05: The 42nd Annual Design Automation Conference 2005
June 13 - 17, 2005
California, Anaheim, USA

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Overall Acceptance Rate 1,770 of 5,499 submissions, 32%

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Cited By

View all
  • (2024)An MDP-based solution for the energy minimization of non-clairvoyant hard real-time systemsReal-Time Systems10.1007/s11241-024-09433-5Online publication date: 5-Dec-2024
  • (2021)Expected Energy Optimization for Real-Time Multiprocessor SoCs Running Periodic Tasks with Uncertain Execution TimeIEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing10.1109/TSUSC.2018.28536216:3(398-411)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2021
  • (2012)T-AllocFuture Generation Computer Systems10.1016/j.future.2011.04.02028:5(791-800)Online publication date: 1-May-2012
  • (2011)Energy-Aware Task Scheduling for Real-Time Systems with Discrete FrequenciesIEICE Transactions on Information and Systems10.1587/transinf.E94.D.822E94-D:4(822-832)Online publication date: 2011
  • (2010)On line power optimization of data flow multi-core architecture based on vdd-hopping for local DVFSProceedings of the 20th international conference on Integrated circuit and system design: power and timing modeling, optimization and simulation10.5555/1950238.1950251(94-104)Online publication date: 7-Sep-2010
  • (2010)A probabilistic and energy-efficient scheduling approach for online application in real-time systemsProceedings of the 47th Design Automation Conference10.1145/1837274.1837287(42-47)Online publication date: 13-Jun-2010
  • (2009)Minimizing expected energy consumption through optimal integration of DVS and DPMProceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computer-Aided Design10.1145/1687399.1687484(449-456)Online publication date: 2-Nov-2009
  • (2009)Operating system scheduling for efficient online self-test in robust systemsProceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computer-Aided Design10.1145/1687399.1687436(201-208)Online publication date: 2-Nov-2009
  • (2008)Expected system energy consumption minimization in leakage-aware DVS systemsProceedings of the 2008 international symposium on Low Power Electronics & Design10.1145/1393921.1394006(315-320)Online publication date: 11-Aug-2008
  • (2008)Expected energy consumption minimization in DVS systems with discrete frequenciesProceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Applied computing10.1145/1363686.1364095(1720-1725)Online publication date: 16-Mar-2008
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