Hua Wang
Mark Chignell
ABSTRACT
Recent interest in the use of software character agents raises the issue of how many agents should be used in online learning. In this paper we review evidence concerning the relative effectiveness of multi-agent systems and introduce a multiple agent system that we have developed for online instruction. A user test is carried out that compares one and two agent versions of the learning system. The results are interpreted in terms of their implications for selecting when and how more than one agent should be used in online learning. We conclude with some recommendations on when multiple agents may help online learners to interact with the learning environment more easily and efficiently.
- Cassell, J., Bickmore, T., Campbell, L., Vilhjsson, H., and Yan, H. "Conversation as a System Framework: Designing Embodied Conversational Agents", in Cassell, J. et al. (eds.), Embodied Conversational Agents. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1999. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Craig, S. D, Gholson, B., Garzon, M., Hu, X., Marks, W., Wiemer- Hastings, P. and Lu, Z. Auto Tutor and Otto Tudor. In AIED-Workshop on Animated and Personified Pedagogical Agents, 25--30. Le Mans, France, 1999.Google Scholar
- Nass, C., K. Isbister, and Lee, E. 1999. Truth is beauty: Researching embodied conversational agents, 1999.Google Scholar
- Prendinger, H., Descamps, S. and Ishizuka, M. MPML: A markup language for controlling the behavior of life-like characters. Journal of Visual Languages.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Are two talking heads better than one?: when should use more than one agent in e-learning?
Recommendations
Empathic tutoring software agents using real-time eye tracking
ETRA '06: Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applicationsThis paper describes an empathic software agent (ESA) interface using eye movement information to facilitate empathy-relevant reasoning and behavior. Eye movement tracking is used to monitor user's attention and interests, and to personalize the agent ...
Empathic Multiple Tutoring Agents for Multiple Learner Interface
WI-IATW '06: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent TechnologyThis paper describes a multiple user e-learning interface with multiple tutoring character agents. The character agents use eye movement information to facilitate empathy-relevant reasoning and behavior. Eye Information is used to monitor user's ...
Character agents in E-learning interface using multimodal real-time interaction
HCI'07: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human-computer interaction: intelligent multimodal interaction environmentsThis paper describes an e-learning interface with multiple tutoring character agents. The character agents use eye movement information to facilitate empathy-relevant reasoning and behavior. Eye Information is used to monitor user's attention and ...
Comments