Timothy Sohn
William G. Griswold
James Scott
Mike Chen
ABSTRACT
Location-based computing (LBC) is becoming increasing important in both industry and academia. A key challenge is the pervasive deployment of LBC technologies; to be effective they must run on a wide variety of client platforms, including laptops, PDAs, and mobile phones, so that location data can be acquired anywhere and accessed by any application. Moreover, as a nascent area, LBC is experiencing rapid innovation in sensing technologies, the positioning algorithms themselves, and the applications they support. Lastly, as a newcomer, LBC must integrate with existing communications and application technologies, including web browsers and location data interchange standard.This paper describes our experience in developing the Place Lab architecture, a widely used first-generation open source toolkit for client-side location sensing. Using a layered, pattern-based architecture, it supports modular development in any dimension of LBC, enabling the field to move forward more rapidly as these innovations are shared with the community as pluggable components. Our experience shows the benefits of domain-specific abstractions, and how we overcame high-level language constraints to support a wide array of platforms in this emerging space. We also describe our experience in re-engineering parts of the architecture based on the needs of the user community, including insights on software licensing issues.
- NMEA 0183. http://www.nmea.org/pub/0183/Google Scholar
- Java Bluetooth API (JSR-82). http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=82Google Scholar
- Java Location API (JSR-179). http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=179Google Scholar
- Bahl, P. and Padmanabhan, V. RADAR: An In-Building RF-based User Location and Tracking System. In Proceedings of IEEE Infocomm 2000, pp. 775--784.Google Scholar
- Cheng, Y., Chawathe, Y., LaMarca, A., Krumm, J. Accuracy Characterization for Metropolitan-scale Wi-Fi Localization. In Proceedings of Mobisys 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Dey, A.K., Salber, D., Abowd, G.D. A Conceptual Framework and a Toolkit for Supporting the Rapid Prototyping of Context-Aware Applications. HCI Journal 16(2-4), 97--166. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Griswold, W.G., Shanahan, P., Brown, S.W., Boyer, R., Ratto, M., Shapiro, R.B., Truong, T.M. ActiveCampus - Experiments in Community-Oriented Ubiquitous Computing. IEEE Computer, Vol. 37, No. 10, pp. 73--81, October 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hightower, J., Borriello, G. Particle Filters for Location Estimation in Ubiquitous Computing: A Case Study. In Proceedings of Ubicomp 2004, pp. 88--106.Google Scholar
- Hightower, J., Brumitt, B., Borriello, G. The Location Stack: A Layered Model for Location in Ubiquitous Computing. In Proceedings of WMCSA 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hightower, J., Consolvo, S., LaMarca, A., Smith, I., Hughes, J. Learning and Recognizing the Places We Go. In Proceedings of Ubicomp 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Krumm, J., Cermak, G., Horvitz, E. RightSPOT: A Novel Sense of Location for a Smart Person Object. In Proceedings of Ubicomp 2003, pp. 36--43.Google Scholar
- LaMarca, A., Chawathe, Y., Consolvo, S., Hightower, J., Smith, I., Scott, J., Sohn, T., Howard, J., Hughes, J., Potter, F., Tabert, J., Powledge, P., Borriello, G., Schilit, B. Place Lab: Device Positioning Using Radio Beacons in the Wild. In Proceedings of Pervasive 2005, pp. 116--133. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Li, Y., Hong, J.I., Landay, J.A. Topiary: A Tool for Prototyping Location-Enhanced Applications. In Proceedings of User Interface Software and Technology 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Madhavapeddy, A., Scott, D., Sharp, R. Context-Aware Computing with Sound. In Proc. of Ubicomp 2003.Google Scholar
- Parnas, D. L., Designing Software for Ease of Extension and Contraction, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 128--138, March, 1979.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Smith, I., Consolvo, S., LaMarca, A., Hightower, J., Scott, J., Sohn, T., Hughes, J., Iachello, G., Abowd, G. Social Disclosure of Place: From Location Technology to Communication Practice. In Proceedings of Pervasive 2005, pp. 134--151. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sohn, T., Li, K. A., Lee, G., Smith, I., Scott, J., Griswold, W.G. Place-Its: A Study of Location-Based Reminders on Mobile Phones. In Proceedings of Ubicomp 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Steinberg, A.N., Bowman, C.L., and White, F.E. Revision to the JDL data fusion model. In Proceedings of SPIE AeroSense (Sensor Fusion: Architectures, Algorithms, and Applications III), pp. 430--441, Orlando, Florida, 1999.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Sullivan, K.J. and Notkin, D. Reconciling environment integration and component independence. In Proceedings of the SIGSOFT '90, pp. 22--33. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Experiences with place lab: an open source toolkit for location-aware computing
Recommendations
Survey of requirements and solutions for ubiquitous software
MUM '04: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Mobile and ubiquitous multimediaUbiquitous computing embeds computer technology in our everyday environment, providing a human with information services and applications through any device over different kinds of networks. Ubiquitous computing can be seen as a prerequisite for ...
UbiPhone: Human-Centered Ubiquitous Phone System
Emerging rich wireless networking modalities facilitate the development of new intelligent, innovative services on smart phones. The authors propose a ubiquitous phone (UbiPhone) system that demonstrates innovative context-aware human-centric phone ...
Ubiquitous Computing: Are We There Yet?
The widespread deployment of technologies like mobile phones continues to drive new applications and to open research opportunities.
Comments