skip to main content
article

An approach to virtual allocation in storage systems

Published:01 November 2006Publication History
Skip Abstract Section

Abstract

This article presents virtual allocation, a scheme for flexible storage allocation. Virtual allocation separates storage allocation from the file system. It employs an allocate-on-write strategy which lets applications fit into the actual usage of storage space, without regard to the configured file system size. This improves flexibility by allowing storage space to be shared across different file systems. This article presents the design of virtual allocation and its evaluation through benchmarks. To illustrate our approach, we implemented a prototype system on PCs running Linux. We present the results from the prototype implementation and its evaluation.

References

  1. 3PARdata. 2003. Thin provisioning. http://www.3pardata.com/products/thinprovisioning.html.]]Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. Adya, A., Bolosky, W. J., Castro, M., Cermak, G., Chaiken, R., Douceur, J. R., Howell, J., Lorch, J. R., Theimer, M., and Wattenhofer, R. 2002. Farsite: Federated, available, and reliable storage for an incompletely trusted environment. In Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Operating System Design and Implementation.]] Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  3. Anderson, D. C., Chase, J. S., and Vahdat, A. 2000. Interposed request routing for scalable network storage. In Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Operating System Design and Implementation. 259--272.]]Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. Best, S. 2000. Jfs overview. http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/library/1-jfs.html.]]Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  5. Coker, R. 2000. Zcav: A hard drive testing program. http://www.coker.com.au/bonnie++/zcav.]]Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. Coker, R. 2001. Bonnie++: A benchmark suite of hard drive and file system performance. http://www.coker.com.au/bonnie++.]]Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  7. Cox, L. P., Murray, C. D., and Noble, B. D. 2002. Pastiche: Making backup cheap and easy. In Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Operating System Design and Implementation.]] Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  8. de Jonge, W., Kaashoek, M. F., and Hsieh, W. C. 1993. The logical disk: A new approach to improving file systems. In Proceedings of the 14th ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles. 15--28.]] Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. Ellard, D. and Seltzer, M. I. 2003. Nfs tricks and benchmarking traps. In Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference, FREENIX Track. 101--114.]] Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  10. English, R. M. and Stepanov, A. A. 1992. Boxwood: Abstractions as the foundation for storage infrastructure. In Proceedings of the USENIX Winter Technical Conference. 237--251.]]Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  11. Ganger, G. R. and Patt, Y. N. 1994. Metadata update performance in file systems. In Proceedings of the 1st USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation. 49--60.]] Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  12. He, X., Yang, Q., and Zhang, M. 2002. A caching strategy to improve iscsi performance. In Proceedings of the 27th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks. 278--288.]] Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  13. Hitz, D., Lau, J., and Malcolm, M. A. 1994. File system design for an nfs file server appliance. In Proceedings of the USENIX Winter Technical Conference. 235--246.]] Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  14. Huang, L., Peng, G., and cker Chiueh, T. 2004. Multi-Dimensional storage virtualization. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Measurements and Modeling of Computer Systems. ACM, New York, 14--24.]] Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  15. Kaczmarski, M., Jiang, T., and Pease, D. A. 2003. Beyond backup toward storage management. IBM Syst. J. 42, 2, 322--337.]] Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  16. Katcher, J. 1997. Postmark: A new filesystem benchmark. http://www.netapp.com/tech_library/3022.html.]]Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  17. Krueger, M., Haagens, R., Sapuntzakis, C., and Bakke, M. 2002. Rfc 3347: Small computer systems interface protocol over the internet (iscsi) requirements and design considerations. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3347.]] Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  18. Kubiatowicz, J., Bindel, D., Chen, Y., Czerwinski, S. E., Eaton, P. R., Geels, D., Gummadi, R., Rhea, S. C., Weatherspoon, H., Weimer, W., Wells, C., and Zhao, B. Y. 2000. Oceanstore: An architecture for global-scale persistent storage. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems. 190--201.]] Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  19. Lee, E. K. and Thekkath, C. A. 1996. Petal: Distributed virtual disks. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems. 84--92.]] Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  20. Levine, C. 1997. Tpc-c: The oltp benchmark. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data (Industrial Session 5).]]Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  21. MacCormick, J., Murphy, N., Najork, M., Thekkath, C. A., and Zhou, L. 2004. Boxwood: Abstractions as the foundation for storage infrastructure. In Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on Operating System Design and Implementation. 105--120.]]Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  22. McKusick, M. K., Joy, W. N., Leffler, S. J., and Fabry, R. S. 1984. A fast file system for unix. ACM Trans. Comput. Syst. 2, 3, 181--197.]] Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  23. McVoy, L. W. and Kleiman, S. R. 1991. Extent-Like performance from a unix file system. In Proceedings of the USENIX Winter Conference. 33--44.]]Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  24. Menon, J., Pease, D. A., Rees, R. M., Duyanovich, L., and Hillsberg, B. 2003. Ibm storage tank---A heterogeneous scalable san file system. IBM Syst. J. 42, 2, 250--267.]] Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  25. Mesnier, M., Ganger, G. R., and Riedel, E. 2003. Object-Based storage. IEEE Communi. Mag. 41, 8, 84--90.]]Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  26. Meter, R. V. 1997. Observing the effects of multi-zone disks. In Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference.]] Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  27. Ng, W. T., Hillyer, B., Shriver, E. A. M., Gabber, E., and Özden, B. 2002. Obtaining high performance for storage outsourcing. In Proceedings of the FAST Conference on File and Storage Technologies. 145--158.]] Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  28. Patterson, D. A., Gibson, G. A., and Katz, R. H. 1988. A case for redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (raid). In Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data. 109--116.]] Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  29. Peacock, J. K. 1988. The counterpoint fast file system. In Proceedings of the USENIX Winter Conference. 243--249.]]Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  30. Reiser, H. 2004. Reiserfs: Journaling file system for linux based on balance tree algorithms. http://www.namesys.com.]]Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  31. Rosenblum, M. and Ousterhout, J. K. 1992. The design and implementation of a log-structured file system. ACM Trans. Comput. Syst. 10, 1 (Feb.), 26--52.]] Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  32. Shaw, S. 2002. Hammerora: The open source oracle load test tool. http://hammerora.sourceforge.net.]]Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  33. Sivathanu, M., Bairavasundaram, L. N., Arpaci-Dusseau, A. C., and Arpaci-Dusseau, R. H. 2004. Life or death at block-level. In Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on Operating System Design and Implementation. 379--394.]] Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  34. Sivathanu, M., Prabhakaran, V., Popovici, F. I., Denehy, T. E., Arpaci-Dusseau, A. C., and Arpaci-Dusseau, R. H. 2003. Semantically-Smart disk systems. In Proceedings of the FAST Conference on File and Storage Technologies.]] Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  35. Smith, K. A. and Seltzer, M. I. 1996. A comparison of ffs disk allocation policies. In Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference. 15--26.]] Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  36. Veritas. 2002. Volume manager for windows with mscs. http://www.veritas.com/van/products/volumemanagerwin.html.]]Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  37. VMware. 2000. Vmware workstation. http://www.itc.virginia.edu/atg/techtalks/powerpoint/vmware/sld018.htm.]]Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  38. Vogels, W. 1999. File system usage in windows nt 4.0. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles. 93--109.]] Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  39. Wang, R. Y., Anderson, T. E., and Patterson, D. A. 1999. Virtual log based file systems for a programmable disk. In Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation. 29--43.]] Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  40. Wilkes, J., Golding, R. A., Staelin, C., and Sullivan, T. 1996. The hp autoraid hierarchical storage system. ACM Trans. Comput. Syst. 14, 1, 108--136.]] Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  41. Zadok, E., Iyer, R., Joukov, N., Sivathanu, G., and Wright, C. P. 2006. On incremental file system development. ACM Trans. Storage 2, 3. To appear.]] Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library

Index Terms

  1. An approach to virtual allocation in storage systems

        Recommendations

        Comments

        Login options

        Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

        Sign in

        Full Access

        PDF Format

        View or Download as a PDF file.

        PDF

        eReader

        View online with eReader.

        eReader