article

Using virtual environments to assess time-to-contact judgments from pedestrian viewpoints

Authors:

A. Elizabeth Seward,

Daniel H. Ashmead,

Bobby BodenheimerAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP), Volume 4, Issue 3

Pages 18 - es

https://doi.org/10.1145/1278387.1278392

Published: 01 November 2007 Publication History

Abstract

This paper describes the use of desktop and immersive virtual environments to study judgments that pedestrians make when deciding to cross a street. In particular, we assess the ability of people to discriminate and estimate time-to-contact (TTC) for approaching vehicles under a variety of conditions. Four experiments observing TTC judgments under various conditions are described. We examine the effect of type of vehicle, viewpoint, presentation mode, and TTC value on TTC judgments. We find no significant effect of type of vehicle or of viewpoint, extending prior work to cover all views typically encountered by pedestrians. Discrimination of short values for TTC judgments is generally consistent with the literature, but performance degrades significantly for long TTC values. Finally, we find no significant difference between judgments made in a desktop environment versus a head-mounted display, indicating that tracking the approaching vehicle with one's head does not aid discrimination. In general, people appear to use strategies similar to those that pedestrians use to make real-world, street-crossing decisions.

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Cited By

Martaindale MSandel WDuron AMcAllister M(2023)Can a Virtual Reality Training Scenario Elicit Similar Stress Response as a Realistic Scenario-Based Training Scenario?Police Quarterly10.1177/1098611123118272927:1(109-129)Online publication date: 9-Jun-2023
https://doi.org/10.1177/10986111231182729
Zhao QLiu WZhuang XMa G(2021)Pedestrian time-to-arrival judgment of vehicles in naturalistic traffic scenes2021 6th International Conference on Transportation Information and Safety (ICTIS)10.1109/ICTIS54573.2021.9798497(1342-1347)Online publication date: 22-Oct-2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTIS54573.2021.9798497
Wang CZhang HWang HFu R(2021)The effect of “yield to pedestrians” policy enforcement on pedestrian street crossing behavior: A 3-year case study in Xi’an, ChinaTravel Behaviour and Society10.1016/j.tbs.2021.04.00124(172-180)Online publication date: Jul-2021
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Index Terms

Using virtual environments to assess time-to-contact judgments from pedestrian viewpoints
1. Computing methodologies
  1. Computer graphics
    1. Graphics systems and interfaces
      1. Virtual reality

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Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Applied Perception

ACM Transactions on Applied Perception Volume 4, Issue 3

November 2007

109 pages

ISSN:1544-3558

EISSN:1544-3965

DOI:10.1145/1278387

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2007 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Association for Computing Machinery

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Publication History

Published: 01 November 2007

Published in TAP Volume 4, Issue 3

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Cited By

Martaindale MSandel WDuron AMcAllister M(2023)Can a Virtual Reality Training Scenario Elicit Similar Stress Response as a Realistic Scenario-Based Training Scenario?Police Quarterly10.1177/1098611123118272927:1(109-129)Online publication date: 9-Jun-2023
https://doi.org/10.1177/10986111231182729
Zhao QLiu WZhuang XMa G(2021)Pedestrian time-to-arrival judgment of vehicles in naturalistic traffic scenes2021 6th International Conference on Transportation Information and Safety (ICTIS)10.1109/ICTIS54573.2021.9798497(1342-1347)Online publication date: 22-Oct-2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTIS54573.2021.9798497
Wang CZhang HWang HFu R(2021)The effect of “yield to pedestrians” policy enforcement on pedestrian street crossing behavior: A 3-year case study in Xi’an, ChinaTravel Behaviour and Society10.1016/j.tbs.2021.04.00124(172-180)Online publication date: Jul-2021
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2021.04.001
Zhou NCao YJacob SRichardson D(2020)Teacher Perceptions of Equity in High School Computer Science ClassroomsACM Transactions on Computing Education10.1145/341063320:3(1-27)Online publication date: 28-Aug-2020
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3410633
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https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.448322
Feldstein I(2019)Impending Collision Judgment from an Egocentric Perspective in Real and Virtual Environments: A ReviewPerception10.1177/030100661986189248:9(769-795)Online publication date: 30-Jul-2019
https://doi.org/10.1177/0301006619861892
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Wu HAshmead DAdams HBodenheimer B(2018)Using Virtual Reality to Assess the Street Crossing Behavior of Pedestrians With Simulated Macular Degeneration at a RoundaboutFrontiers in ICT10.3389/fict.2018.000275Online publication date: 16-Oct-2018
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