skip to main content
10.1145/1278972.1278990acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesemnetsConference Proceedingsconference-collections
Article

Reception region characterisation using a 2.4GHz direct sequence spread spectrum radio

Published: 25 June 2007 Publication History

Abstract

Experimental studies on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have revealed the existence of three distinct reception regions. These regions can be classified as connected, transitional, and disconnected. Their location and size may have a significant impact on the performance of communication protocols. The underlying causes for the transitional (or so-called "grey") region have been determined in previous work using both analytical and empirical techniques. Conclusions drawn from these experiments suggest that the transitional region is caused in part by multi-path fading. A natural assumption therefore is that any system used to combat multipath effects will also reduce the extent of the transitional region. Measurements from previous works were mainly carried out on radio architectures using (for example) NRZ and noncoherent FSK and therefore do not validate this assumption. This work shows that the above hypothesis is invalid due to a smaller decay factor and increased standard deviation of the shadowing component for high mulit-path environments. Along with the usual Packet Reception Rate (PRR) tests, a BER test was also undertaken to help identify and characterise the transitional region. A side result of this is that the measured BER shows some deviation from the theoretical value given in the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and provides evidence why RSSI may not be a good link quality estimator in certain circumstances. In addition a number of practical issues encountered and resolved are reported in the paper.

References

[1]
A. Goldsmith. Wireless Communications. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
[2]
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. IEEE 802.15.4 Std., 2006.
[3]
Moteiv Corporation. Tmote Sky Datasheet. Available from http://www.moteiv.com {Accessed 27 September 2005}.
[4]
M. Petrova, J. Riihijarvi, P. Mahonen, and S. Labella. Performance study of IEEE 802.15.4 using measurements and simulations. In Proc. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), pages 487--492, April 2006.
[5]
J. G. Proakis. Digital Communications. McGraw Hill, 4th edition, 2001.
[6]
T. S. Rappaport. Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice. Prentice Hall, 1996.
[7]
B. Sklar. Digital Communications: Fundamentals and Applications. Prentice Hall, 2nd edition, 2001.
[8]
K. Srinivasan and P. Levis. Rssi is under appreciated. In Proc. of the Third Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors, EmNets, May 2006.
[9]
Texas Instruments. CC2420 Datasheet. Available from: http://focus.ti.com/docs/prod/folders/print/cc2420.html {Accessed 2nd March 2007}.
[10]
M. Zuniga and B. Krishnamachari. Analyzing the transitional region in low power wireless links. In SECON '04: First Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, pages 517--526, 2004.
[11]
M. Zuniga and B. Krishnamachari. An analysis of unreliability and asymmetry in low-power wireless links. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (to appear), 2007.

Cited By

View all

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
EmNets '07: Proceedings of the 4th workshop on Embedded networked sensors
June 2007
100 pages
ISBN:9781595936943
DOI:10.1145/1278972
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 25 June 2007

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. bit error rate
  2. packet reception rate
  3. transitional region

Qualifiers

  • Article

Conference

EmNets07

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)2
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 17 Feb 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2014)Active-Margin Transmission Power Control for Wireless Sensor NetworksInternational Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks10.1155/2014/95410910:5(954109)Online publication date: Jan-2014
  • (2013)AS-MACACM Transactions on Sensor Networks10.1145/252992110:1(1-29)Online publication date: 6-Dec-2013
  • (2011)Performance estimation of adaptive spreading code length for energy efficient WSN2011 Wireless Advanced10.1109/WiAd.2011.5983290(81-84)Online publication date: Jun-2011
  • (2010)Performance analysis of wireless link quality in wireless sensor networks5th International Conference on Computer Sciences and Convergence Information Technology10.1109/ICCIT.2010.5711208(1006-1010)Online publication date: Nov-2010

View Options

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media