skip to main content
10.1145/1281500.1281598acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagessiggraphConference Proceedingsconference-collections
Article

Practical least-squares for computer graphics: Video files associated with this course are available from the citation page

Published: 05 August 2007 Publication History

Abstract

The course presents an overview of the least-squares technique and its variants. A wide range of problems in computer graphics can be solved using the least-squares technique (LS). Many graphics problems can be seen as finding the best set of parameters for a model given some data, and usually these parameters can be estimated using a least-squares approaches. For instance, a surface can be determined using data and smoothness penalties, a trajectory can be predicted using previous information, joint angles can be determined from end effector positions, etc. All these problems and many others can be formulated as minimizing the sum of squares of the errors.
Despite this apparent versatility, solving problems in the least-squares sense can produce poor results. This occurs when the nature of the problem error does not match the assumptions of the least-squares method. The course explains these assumptions and show how to circumvent some of them to apply LS to a wider range of problem.
The focus of the course is to provide a practical understanding of the techniques. Each technique will be explained using the simple example of fitting a line through data, and then illustrated through its use in one or more computer graphics papers.

Supplementary Material

c11-1-pighin (c11-1-pighin.mov)
Pighin and Lewis presentation number 1
c11-2-pighin (c11-2-pighin.mov)
Pighin and Lewis presentation number 2
MP4 File (crs011-1.mp4)

References

[1]
N. Amenta and Y. J. Kil. Defining point-set surfaces. In SIGGRAPH '04: ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers, pages 264--270, New York, NY, USA, 2004. ACM Press.
[2]
A. Bjork. Numerical methods for least-squares problems. SIAM, Philiadephia, 1934.
[3]
M. Black. Robust Incremental Optical Flow. PhD thesis, Yale, 1992.
[4]
C. Bregler, L. Loeb, E. Chuang, and H. Deshpande. Turning to the masters: motion capturing cartoons. In SIGGRAPH '02: Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, pages 399--407, New York, NY, USA, 2002. ACM Press.
[5]
S. R. Buss and J.-S. Kim. Selectively damped least squares for inverse kinematics. journal of graphics tools, 10(3):37--49, 2005.
[6]
B. Le Callennec and R. Boulic. Robust kinematic constraint detection for motion data. In SCA '06: Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, pages 281--290, Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, Switzerland, 2006. Eurographics Association.
[7]
J. C. Carr, R. K. Beatson, J. B. Cherrie, T. J. Mitchell, W. R. Fright, B. C. McCallum, and T. R. Evans. Reconstruction and representation of 3d objects with radial basis functions. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2001, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pages 67--76, August 2001.
[8]
E. Chuang and C. Bregler. Performance driven facial animation using blendshape interpolation. CS-TR-2002-02, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, 2002.
[9]
M. Eck, T. D. DeRose, T. Duchamp, H. Hoppe, M. Lounsbery, and W. Stuetzle. Multiresolution analysis of arbitrary meshes. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 95, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pages 173--182, August 1995.
[10]
S. Farsiu, M. D. Robinson, M. Elad, and P. Milanfar. Fast and robust multiframe super resolution. IEEE Transactions on image processing, 13(10): 1327--1344, 2004.
[11]
G. D. Finlayson, S. D. Hordley, and I. Tastl. Gamut constrained illuminant estimation. Int. J. Comput. Vision, 67(1):93--109, 2006.
[12]
M. A. Fischler and R. C. Bolles. Random sample consensus: A paradigm for model fitting with applications to image analysis and automated cartography. Communications of the ACM, 24(6):381--395, 1981.
[13]
S. Fleishman, D. Cohen-Or, and C. T. Silva. Robust moving least-squares fitting with sharp features. ACM Trans. Graph., 24(3):544--552, 2005.
[14]
D. Forsyth and J. Ponce. Computer Vision: A Modern Approach. Prentice Hall, 2003.
[15]
M. Gleicher. A graphics toolkit based on differential constraints. In UIST '93: Proceedings of the 6th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, pages 109--120, New York, NY, USA, 1993. ACM Press.
[16]
M. Gleicher and A. Witkin. Through-the-lens camera control. In SIGGRAPH '92: Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, pages 331--340, New York, NY, USA, 1992. ACM Press.
[17]
G. Golub, M. Heath, and G. Wahba. Generalized cross-validation as a method for choosing good ridge parameters. Techntronics, 21:215--223, 1979.
[18]
G. H. Golub, V. C. Klema, and G. W. Stewart. Rank degeneracy and least squares problems. Technical Report CS-TR-76-559, 1976.
[19]
Y. Guo, J. Wang, H. Sun, X. Cui, and Q. Peng. A novel constrained texture mapping method based on harmonic map. Computers & Graphics, 29(6):972--979, December 2005.
[20]
P. C. Hansen. Rank-deficient and discrete ill-posed problems: numerical aspects of linear inversion. SIAM, Philiadephia, 1987.
[21]
P. C. Hansen. Analysis of discrete ill-posed problems by means of the I-curve. SIAM Rev., 34:561--580, 1994.
[22]
P. C. Hansen. Rank-deficient and discrete ill-Posed problems: numerical aspects of linear inversion. SIAM, Philiadephia, 1997.
[23]
M. Hardy. An Illuminating Counterexample. ArXiv Mathematics e-prints, June 2002.
[24]
D. L. James and C. D. Twigg. Skinning mesh animations. In SIGGRAPH '05: ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers, pages 399--407, New York, NY, USA, 2005. ACM Press.
[25]
V. Kwatra, I. Essa, A. Bobick, and N. Kwatra. Texture optimization for example-based synthesis. ACM Trans. Graph., 24(3):795--802, 2005.
[26]
C. L. Lawson and R. J. Hanson. Solving Least Squares Problems. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1974.
[27]
A. Mohr and M. Gleicher. Building efficient, accurate character skins from examples. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 22(3):562--568, July 2003.
[28]
Y. Nakamura and H. Hanafusa. Inverse kinematics solutions with singularity robustness for robot manipulator control. Journal of dynamic systems, measurements, and control, 108:163--171, 1986.
[29]
A. Nealen, T. Igarashi, O. Sorkine, and M. Alexa. Laplacian mesh optimization. In GRAPHITE '06: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and Southeast Asia, pages 381--389, New York, NY, USA, 2006. ACM Press.
[30]
J. Noh and U. Neumann. Expression cloning. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2001, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pages 277--288, August 2001.
[31]
D. P. O'Leary. Near-optimal parameters for tikhonov and other regularization methods. SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 23(4): 1161--1171, 2001.
[32]
F. Pighin, J. Hecker, D. Lischinski, R. Szeliski, and D. H. Salesin. Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 98, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pages 75--84, July 1998.
[33]
W. H. Press, B. P. Flannery, S. A. Teukolsky, and W. T. Vetterling. Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing. Cambridge University Press, 1992.
[34]
O. Sorkine and D. Cohen-Or. Least-squares meshes. In Proceedings of Shape Modeling International, pages 191--199. IEEE Computer Society Press, 2004.
[35]
L. N. Trefethen and III D. Bau. Numerical linear algebra. SIAM, Philiadephia, 1997.
[36]
G. Turk and J. F. O'Brien. Modelling with implicit surfaces that interpolate. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 21(4):855--873, October 2002.
[37]
C. W. Wampler. Manipulator inverse kinematic solutions based on vector fomulations and damped least-squares methods. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 16:93--101, 1986.
[38]
D. Zhang and M. Hebert. Harmonic maps and their applications in surface matching, cvpr, 02:2524, 1999.

Cited By

View all

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
SIGGRAPH '07: ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 courses
August 2007
6166 pages
ISBN:9781450318235
DOI:10.1145/1281500
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 05 August 2007

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Qualifiers

  • Article

Conference

SIGGRAPH07
Sponsor:

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 1,822 of 8,601 submissions, 21%

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)8
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 08 Mar 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2023)SFLSH: Shape-Dependent Soft-Flesh AvatarsSIGGRAPH Asia 2023 Conference Papers10.1145/3610548.3618242(1-9)Online publication date: 10-Dec-2023
  • (2022)Covariance‐invariant mapping of data points to nonlinear modelsMathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences10.1002/mma.871246:4(3597-3613)Online publication date: 14-Sep-2022
  • (2019)Analytic Eigensystems for Isotropic Distortion EnergiesACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/324104138:1(1-15)Online publication date: 15-Feb-2019
  • (2019)LiDAR point-cloud mapping of building façades for building energy performance simulationAutomation in Construction10.1016/j.autcon.2019.102905107(102905)Online publication date: Nov-2019
  • (2017)Scalable Locally Injective MappingsACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/3072959.298362136:4(1)Online publication date: 16-Jul-2017
  • (2017)Scalable Locally Injective MappingsACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/298362136:2(1-16)Online publication date: 14-Apr-2017
  • (2016)A new formulation for total least square error method in d-dimensional space with mapping to a parametric line10.1063/1.4952342(480106)Online publication date: 2016
  • (2015)Intrinsic Decomposition of Image Sequences from Local Temporal VariationsProceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)10.1109/ICCV.2015.57(433-441)Online publication date: 7-Dec-2015
  • (2014)Octree-based, automatic building façade generation from LiDAR dataComputer-Aided Design10.1016/j.cad.2014.03.00153(46-61)Online publication date: Aug-2014
  • (2012)Combining an Angle Criterion with Voxelization and the Flying Voxel Method in Reconstructing Building Models from LiDAR DataComputer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering10.1111/j.1467-8667.2012.00761.x28:2(112-129)Online publication date: 17-May-2012
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media