Jessie Y.C. Chen
ABSTRACT
We simulated a military mounted environment and examined the performance of the combined position of gunner and robotics operator and how aided target recognition (AiTR) capabilities (delivered either through tactile or tactile + visual cueing) for the gunnery task might benefit the concurrent robotics and communication tasks. Results showed that participants' teleoperation task improved significantly when the AiTR was available to assist them with their gunnery task. However, the same improvement was not found for semi-autonomous robotics task performance. Additionally, when teleoperating, those participants with higher spatial ability outperformed those with lower spatial ability. However, performance gap between those with higher and lower spatial ability appeared to be narrower when the AiTR was available to assist the gunnery task. Participants' communication task performance also improved significantly when the gunnery task was aided by AiTR. Finally, participant's perceived workload was significantly higher when they teleoperated a robotic asset and when their gunnery task was unassisted.
- Barnes, M. J., Chen, J. Y. C., Jentsch, F., and Haas, E. Soldier interactions with aerial and ground robotic systems in future military environments. In Proceedings of the NATO conference on the Human Factors of Uninhabited Military Systems (Biarritz, France, Oct. 10-12, 2006). NATO, 2006.Google Scholar
- Wang, J., and Lewis, M. Human control for cooperating robot teams. In Proceedings of the Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI '07) (Arlington, VA, Mar. 10-12, 2007). ACM Press, New York, NY, 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mitchell, D. K. Soldier workload analysis of the mounted combat system (MCS) platoon's use of unmanned assets. Technical Report, ARL-TR-3476, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 2005.Google Scholar
- Chen, J. Y. C., and Joyner, C. T. Concurrent performance of gunner's and robotic operator's tasks in a multi-tasking environment. Military Psychology, in press.Google Scholar
- Gilson, R., Redden, E. S., and Elliott, L.R. Remote Tactile Displays for Future Soldiers. Tech Rep ARL-SR-0152, US Army Research Laboratory, APG, MD, 2007.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Sarter, N. Multiple-resource theory as a basis for multimodal interface design: Success stories, qualifications, and research needs. In Kramer, A., Wiegmann, D., and Kirlik, A. (Eds.), Attention: From Theory to Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006, 187--195.Google Scholar
- Derryberry, D., and Reed, M.A. Anxiety-related Attentional Biases and Their Regulation by Attentional Control. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 2 (May 2002), 225--236.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Educational Testing Service. Cube Comparison Test & Hidden Patterns Tests. ETS, Princeton, NJ, 2007.Google Scholar
- Gugerty, L., and Brooks, J. Reference-frame misalignment and cardinal direction judgments: Group differences and strategies. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 10, 1 (Mar. 2004), 75--88.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Hart, S., and Staveland, L. Development of NASA TLX (Task Load Index): Results of empirical and theoretical research. In P. Hancock & N. Meshkati (Eds.), Human Mental Workload (pp. 139--183). Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1988.Google Scholar
- Noyes, J. M., and Bruneau, D. P. A self-analysis of the NASA-TLX workload measure. Ergonomics, 50, 4 (Apr. 2007), 514--519.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Yeh, M., and Wickens, C. D. Display signaling in augmented reality: Effects of cue reliability and image realism on attention allocation and trust calibration. Human Factors, 43, 3 (Fall 2001), 355--365.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Endsley, M, Bolte, B., and Jones, D. Designing for Situation Awareness: An Approach to User-Centered Design. Taylor & Francis, New York, NY, 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Parasuraman, R., Sheridan, T., and Wickens, C. A model for types and levels of human interaction with automation. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics- Part A: Systems and Humans, 30, 3 (May 2000), 286--297. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kozhevnikov, M., Hegarty, M., and Mayer, R. Revising the visualizer-verbalizer dimension: Evidence for two types of visualizers. Cognition & Instruction, 20, 1 (Jan 2002), 47--77.Google Scholar
- Parasuraman, R., Molloy, R., and Singh, I. Performance consequences of automation-induced 'complacency'. Int. Journal of Aviation Psychology, 3, 1 (Jan. 1993), 1--23.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Thomas, L., and Wickens, C. D. Eye-tracking and individual differences in off-normal event detection when flying with a synthetic vision system display. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 48th Annual Meeting (New Orleans, LA, Sep. 20-24, 2004). HFES, Santa Monica, CA, 2004, 223--227.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Young, M. S., and Stanton, N. A. Back to the future: Brake reaction times for manual and automated vehicles. Ergonomics, 50, 1 (Jan. 2007), 46--58.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Dixon, S. R., Wickens, C. D., and Chang, D. Comparing quantitative model predictions to experimental data in multiple-UAV flight control. In Proc. of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 47th Annual Meeting (Denver, CO, Oct. 13-17, 2003). HFES, Santa Monica, CA, 2003, 104--108.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Young, M. S., and Stanton, N. A. What's skill got to do with it? Vehicle automation and driver mental workload. Ergonomics, 50, 8 (Aug. 2007), 1324--1339.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Schipani, S. P. An evaluation of operator workload during partially-autonomous vehicle operations. In Proceedings of PerMIS '03 (Gaithersburg, MD, Sep. 16-18, 2003).Google Scholar
- Chen, J. Y. C., Haas, E., and Barnes, M. Human performance issues and user interface design for teleoperated robots. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part C: Applications and Reviews, 37, 6 (Nov. 2007), 1231--1245. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Dixon, S. R., and Wickens, C. D. Automation reliability in unmanned aerial vehicle control: A reliance-compliance model of automation dependence in high workload. Human Factors, 48, 3 (Fall 2006), 474--486.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Dixon, S. R., Wickens, C. D., and McCarley, J. S. On the independence of compliance and reliance: Are automation false alarms worse than misses? Human Factors, 49, 4 (Aug. 2007), 564--572.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Wickens, C. D., Dixon, S. R., and Johnson, N. R. UAV automation: Influence of task priorities and automation imperfection in a difficult surveillance task. Technical Report: AHFD-05-20/MAAD-05-6, University of Illinois, Institute of Aviation, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 2005.Google Scholar
- Chen, J. Y. C., Durlach, P. J., Sloan, J. A., and Bowens, L. D. Human robot interaction in the context of simulated route reconnaissance missions. Military Psychology, in press.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Robotics operator performance in a military multi-tasking environment
Recommendations
Concurrent performance of military tasks and robotics tasks: effects of automation unreliability and individual differences
HRI '09: Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human robot interactionThis study investigated the performance and workload of the combined position of gunner and robotics operator in a simulated military multitasking environment. Specifically, we investigated how aided target recognition (AiTR) capabilities for the ...
Concurrent performance of military and robotics tasks and effects of cueing in a simulated multi-tasking environment
We simulated a military mounted crewstation environment and conducted two experiments to examine the workload and performance of the combined position of gunner and robotics operator. The robotics tasks involved managing a semi-autonomous ground robot ...
Effects of operator spatial ability on uav-guided ground navigation
HRI '10: Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-robot interactionWe simulated a military reconnaissance environment and examined the performance of ground robotics operators who were instructed to utilize streaming video from an unmanned aerial vehicle to navigate his/her ground robot to the locations of the targets. ...
Comments