ABSTRACT
This paper presents a study of finger-based text entry for mobile devices with touchscreens. Many devices are now coming to market that have no physical keyboards (the Apple iPhone being a very popular example). Touchscreen keyboards lack any tactile feedback and this may cause problems for entering text and phone numbers. We ran an experiment to compare devices with a physical keyboard, a standard touchscreen and a touchscreen with tactile feedback added. We tested this in both static and mobile environments. The results showed that the addition of tactile feedback to the touchscreen significantly improved finger-based text entry, bringing it close to the performance of a real physical keyboard. A second experiment showed that higher specification tactile actuators could improve performance even further. The results suggest that manufacturers should use tactile feedback in their touchscreen devices to regain some of the feeling lost when interacting on a touchscreen with a finger.
- Brewster, S., Chohan, F. and Brown, L. Tactile Feedback for Mobile Interactions. In Proc CHI '07, ACM Press (2007), 159 -- 162. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Brown, L. M. and Brewster, S. A. Multidimensional Tactons for Non-Visual Information Display in Mobile Devices. In Proc MobileHCI '06, ACM Press (2006), 231 -- 238. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Dvorak, A. There Is a Better Typewriter Keyboard. National Business Education Quarterly 11, (1943), 51 -- 58.Google Scholar
- Erp, J. B. Tactile Navigation Display. In Proc First international Workshop on Haptic Human - Computer Interaction, LNCS (2001), 165 -- 173. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hart, S. G. and Staveland, L. E. Development of Nasa-Tlx (Task Load Index): Results of Empirical and Theoretical Research. Human Mental Workload (1988), 139 -- 183.Google Scholar
- Hoggan, E., Brewster, S. and Anwar, S. Mobile Multi-Actuator Tactile Displays. In Proc 2nd International Workshop on Haptic and Audio Interaction Design, Springer LNCS (2007), 22 -- 33. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kaaresoja, T., Brown, L. M. and Linjama, J. Snap-Crackle-Pop: Tactile Feedback for Mobile Touch Screens. In Proc Eurohaptics '06, (2006), 565 -- 566.Google Scholar
- Lee, J. C., Dietz, P. H., Leigh, D., Yerazunis, W. S. and Hudson, S. E. Haptic Pen: A Tactile Feedback Stylus for Touch Screens In Proc 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology ACM Press (2004), 291--294. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Luk, J., Pasquero, J., Little, S., MacLean, K., Levesque, V. and Hayward, V. A Role for Haptics in Mobile Interaction: Initial Design Using a Handheld Tactile Display Prototype In Proc CHI '06, ACM Press (2006), 171--180 Google ScholarDigital Library
- MacKenzie, I. S. and Soukoreff, R. W. Phrase Sets for Evaluating Text Entry Techniques. In Proc CHI '03, ACM (2003), 754 -- 755. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mackenzie, I. S., Zhang, S. and Soukoreff, R. W. Text Entry Using Soft Keyboards. Behaviour and Information Technology 18, 4 (1999), 235 -- 244.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Mortimer, B., Zets, G. and Cholewiak, R. W. Vibrotactile Transduction and Transducers. The Journal of the Acoustic Society of America 121, (2007), 2970 -- 2977.Google Scholar
- Parhi, P., Karlson, A. K. and Bederson, B. B. Target Size Study for One-Handed Thumb Use on Small Touchscreen Devices. In Proc Mobile HCI '06, ACM Press (2006), 203 -- 210. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Pirhonen, A., Brewster, S. and Holguin, C. Gestural and Audio Metaphors as a Means of Control for Mobile Devices. In Proc CHI '02, ACM Press (2002), 291 -- 298. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Poupyrev, I. and Maruyama, S. Tactile Interfaces for Small Touch Screens. In Proc 16th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, ACM Press (2003), 217 -- 220. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sears, A., Revis, D., Swatski, J., Crittenden, R. and Shneiderman, B. Investigating Touchscreen Typing: The Effect of Keyboard Size on Typing Speed. Behaviour and Information Technology 12, 1 (1993), 17 -- 22.Google Scholar
- Soukoreff, R. W. and MacKenzie, I. S. Metrics for Text Entry Research: An Evaluation of MSD and KSPC, and a New Unified Error Metric. In Proc CHI '03, ACM (2003), 113 -- 120. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Investigating the effectiveness of tactile feedback for mobile touchscreens
Recommendations
Touchscreens vs. traditional controllers in handheld gaming
Futureplay '10: Proceedings of the International Academic Conference on the Future of Game Design and TechnologyWe present a study which compares touchscreen-based controls and physical controls for game input using Ubisoft's Assassin's Creed: Altair's Chronicles. Our study used the Apple iPhone as a representative touchscreen-based controller and the Nintendo DS ...
Crossmodal Audio and Tactile Interaction with Mobile Touchscreens
This article asserts that using crossmodal auditory and tactile interaction can aid mobile touchscreen users in accessing data non-visually and, by providing a choice of modalities, can help to overcome problems that occur in different mobile situations ...
Evaluating information support system for visually impaired people with mobile touch screens and vibration
ASSETS '11: The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibilityThroughout 6 months of blind user's touch panel usage interview, there were many problems of touch panel's audio assistant. The participant strongly demanded to improve the low accuracy and the slow software keyboard typing, and the poor understanding ...
Comments