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Linear histogram equalization in the acoustic feature domain for speech recognition over Bluetooth™ channels

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Published:10 September 2007Publication History

ABSTRACT

This paper studies the improvement of speech recognition over Bluetooth™ wireless channels. Speech recognition over Bluetooth™ suffers from the low SNR due to the position of the Bluetooth™ microphone, Bluetooth™ codec distortion, packet loss over the wireless channel, and Bluetooth™ channel distortion. By transforming the MFCCs (Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients) to make the cumulative density functions of the MFCC values in recognition match the ones that were estimated on the training data, the recognition can be improved. The cumulative density functions are approximated using a small number of quantiles. Recognition tests on a Bluetooth™ speech database showed significant increase of recognition accuracy in noisy environments.

References

  1. Bawab, Z. A., et al. Speech recognition over Bluetooth wireless channels. In Proceedings of Eurospeech. Geneva, Switzerland, 2003, 1233--1236.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. Bluetooth#8482; Specification Version 1.2, Nov. 2003.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  3. Higler, F. Quantile Based Histogram Equalization for Noise Robust Speech Recognition. Ph. D. Dissertation, RWTH Aachen (University of Technology), Aachen, Germany, 2005.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. Hilger, F., and Ney, H. Quantile Based Histogram Equalization for Noise Robust Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition. IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, Vol. 14, No. 3 (May 2006), 845--854. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  5. Molau, S., Pitz, M., and Ney, H. Histogram based normalization in the acoustic feature space. In Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding. Madonna di Campiglio, Trento, Italy, Dec. 2001.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  6. Nour-Eldin, A. H., et al. Automatic recognition of Bluetooth speech in 802.11 interference and the effectiveness of insertion-based compensation techniques. In Proceedings of ICASSP. Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 2004, 1033--1036.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar

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  1. Linear histogram equalization in the acoustic feature domain for speech recognition over Bluetooth™ channels

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      • Published in

        cover image ACM Conferences
        Mobility '07: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on mobile technology, applications, and systems and the 1st international symposium on Computer human interaction in mobile technology
        September 2007
        702 pages
        ISBN:9781595938190
        DOI:10.1145/1378063

        Copyright © 2007 ACM

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        Association for Computing Machinery

        New York, NY, United States

        Publication History

        • Published: 10 September 2007

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