research-article

A survey of autonomic computing—degrees, models, and applications

Authors:

Markus C. Huebscher,

Julie A. McCannAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), Volume 40, Issue 3

Article No.: 7, Pages 1 - 28

https://doi.org/10.1145/1380584.1380585

Published: 13 August 2008 Publication History

Abstract

Autonomic Computing is a concept that brings together many fields of computing with the purpose of creating computing systems that self-manage. In its early days it was criticised as being a “hype topic” or a rebadging of some Multi Agent Systems work. In this survey, we hope to show that this was not indeed ‘hype’ and that, though it draws on much work already carried out by the Computer Science and Control communities, its innovation is strong and lies in its robust application to the specific self-management of computing systems. To this end, we first provide an introduction to the motivation and concepts of autonomic computing and describe some research that has been seen as seminal in influencing a large proportion of early work. Taking the components of an established reference model in turn, we discuss the works that have provided significant contributions to that area. We then look at larger scaled systems that compose autonomic systems illustrating the hierarchical nature of their architectures. Autonomicity is not a well defined subject and as such different systems adhere to different degrees of Autonomicity, therefore we cross-slice the body of work in terms of these degrees. From this we list the key applications of autonomic computing and discuss the research work that is missing and what we believe the community should be considering.

References

[1]

Abramson, D., Buyya, R., and Giddy, J. 2002. A computational economy for grid computing and its implementation in the Nimrod-G resource broker. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 18, 8, 1061--1074.

Digital Library

[2]

Agarwala, S., Chen, Y., Milojicic, D., and Schwan, K. 2006. QMON: QoS- and utility-aware monitoring in enterprise systems. In Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC). Dublin, Ireland.

Digital Library

[3]

Agrawal, D., Calo, S., Giles, J., Lee, K.-W., and Verma, D. 2005. Policy management for networked systems and applications. In Proceedings of the 9th IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management. 455--468.

[4]

Ananthanarayanan, R., Mohania, M., and Gupta, A. 2005. Management of conflicting obligations in self-protecting policy-based systems. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC).

Digital Library

[5]

Anthony, R. 2006. Emergent graph colouring. In Engineering Emergence for Autonomic Systems (EEAS), 1st Annual International Workshop at the 3rd International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC). 2--13.

[6]

Badger, L. 2004. Self-regenerative systems (SRS) program abstract.www.tolerantsystems.org/SRSProgram.

[7]

Bantz, D. F., Bisdikian, C., Challener, D., Karidis, J. P., Mastrianni, S., Mohindra, A., Shea, D. G., and Vanover, M. 2003. Autonomic personal computing. IBM Syst. J. 42, 1, 165--176.

Digital Library

[8]

Barrett, R., Maglio, P. P., Kandogan, E., and Bailey, J. 2004. Usable autonomic computing systems: the administrator's perspective. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC). 18--26.

Digital Library

[9]

Batra, V. S., Bhattacharya, J., Chauhan, H., Gupta, A., Mohania, M., and Sharma, U. 2002. Policy driven data administration. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks.

Digital Library

[10]

Bennani, M. N. and Menasce, D. A. 2005. Resource allocation for autonomic data centers using analytic performance models. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC). 229--240.

Digital Library

[11]

Bhatti, S. N. and Knight, G. 1999. Enabling QoS adaptation decisions for Internet applications. Comput. Netw. 31, 7, 669--692.

Digital Library

[12]

Bhola, S., Astley, M., Saccone, R., and Ward, M. 2006. Utility-aware resource allocation in an event processing system. In Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC). Dublin, Ireland, 55--64.

Digital Library

[13]

Bigus, J. P., Schlosnagle, D. A., Pilgrim, J. R., III, W. N. M., and Diao, Y. 2002. ABLE: A toolkit for building multiagent autonomic systems. IBM Syst. J. 41, 3, 350--371.

Digital Library

[14]

Bougaev, A. A. 2005. Pattern recognition based tools enabling autonomic computing. In Proceedings of 2nd IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC). 313--314.

Digital Library

[15]

Brodie, M., Ma, S., Lohman, G., Syeda-Mahmood, T., Mignet, L., and Modani, N. 2005. Quickly finding known software problems via automated symptom matching. In Proceedings of 2nd IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC).

Digital Library

[16]

Burrell, J., Brooke, T., and Beckwith, R. 2004. Vineyard computing: Sensor networks in agricultural production. IEEE Pervasive Comput. 3, 1, 38--45.

Digital Library

[17]

Buyya, R., Abramson, D., and Giddy, J. 2000. Nimrod/G: An architecture of a resource management and scheduling system in a global computational grid. In High Performance Computing Asia (HPC). 283--289.

[18]

Candea, G., Kiciman, E., Zhang, S., Keyani, P., and Fox, A. 2003. JAGR: An autonomous self-recovering application server. In Proceedings of the Autonomic Computing Workshop. 168--177.

[19]

Chakeres, I. D. and Belding-Royer, E. M. 2004. Aodv routing protocol implementation design. In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops (ICDCSW'04). IEEE Computer Society, USA, 698--703.

Digital Library

[20]

Chun, B. and Culler, D. 1999. Market-based proportional resource sharing for clusters. Tech. rep., University of California Berkeley.

Digital Library

[21]

Cobleigh, J. M., Osterweil, L. J., Wise, A., and Lerner, B. S. 2002. Containment units: A hierarchically composable architecture for adaptive systems. SIGSOFT Softw. Engin. Notes 27, 6, 159--165.

Digital Library

[22]

Damianou, N., Dulay, N., Lupu, E., and Sloman, M. 1999. Ponder: A language for specifying security and management policies for distributed systems. Tech. rep., Imperial College London.

[23]

Damianou, N., Dulay, N., Lupu, E., and Sloman, M. 2000. Ponder: A language for specifying security and management policies for distributed systems. Tech. rep., Imperial College London.

[24]

Dashofy, E. M., van der Hoek, A., and Taylor, R. 2002a. An infrastructure for the rapid development of XML-based architecture description languages. In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE). Orlando, FL.

Digital Library

[25]

Dashofy, E. M., van der Hoek, A., and Taylor, R. N. 2002b. Towards architecture-based self-healing systems. In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Self-Healing Systems.

Digital Library

[26]

Diao, Y., Hellerstein, J. L., Parekh, S., Griffith, R., Kaiser, G., and Phung, D. 2005. Self-managing systems: A control theory foundation. In Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems (ECBS).

Digital Library

[27]

Dowling, J., Curran, E., Cunningham, R., and Cahill, V. 2006. Building autonomic systems using collaborative reinforcement learning. Knowle. Engin. Rev. J. Special Issue on Autonomic Computing. Cambridge University Press.

Digital Library

[28]

Femal, M. E. and Freeh, V. W. 2005. Boosting data center performance through non-uniform power allocation. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC).

Digital Library

[29]

Ganek, A. and Friedrich, R. J. 2006. The road ahead—achieving wide-scale deployment of autonomic technologies. In Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing. Dublin, Ireland.

[30]

Garlan, D. and Schmerl, B. 2002a. Exploiting architectural design knowledge to support self-repairing systems. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering.

Digital Library

[31]

Garlan, D. and Schmerl, B. 2002b. Model-based adaptation for self-healing systems. In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Self-Healing Systems.

Digital Library

[32]

Garlan, D., Schmerl, B., and Chang, J. 2001. Using gauges for architecture-based monitoring and adaptation. In Working Conference on Complex and Dynamic Systems Architecture, Brisbane, Australia.

[33]

Garlan, D., Schmerl, B., Cheng, S.-W., Sousa, J. P., Spitznagel, B., and Steenkiste, P. 2002. Using architectural style as a basis for system self-repair. In Proceedings of the 3rd Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture.

Digital Library

[34]

Georgiadis, I., Magee, J., and Kramer, J. 2002. Self-organising software architectures for distributed systems. In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Self-Healing Systems.

Digital Library

[35]

Gleizes, M.-P., Link-Pezet, J., and Glize, P. 2000. An adaptive multi-agent tool for electronic commerce. In Proeedings of the IEEE 9th International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WET/ICE).

Digital Library

[36]

Gross, P. N., Gupta, S., Kaiser, G. E., Kc, G. S., and Parekh, J. J. 2001. An active events model for systems monitoring. In Proceedings of the Working Conference on Complex and Dynamic Systems Architectures.

[37]

Guo, H. 2003. A bayesian approach for autonomic algorithm selection. In Proceedings of the IJCAI Workshop on AI and Autonomic Computing: Developing a Research Agenda for Self-Managing Computer Systems. Acapulco, Mexico.

[38]

Handsen, J. G., Christiansen, E., and Jul, E. 2006. The laundromat model for autonomic cluster computing. In Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC).

Digital Library

[39]

Heinzelman, W. R., Chandrakasan, A., and Balakrishnan, H. 2000. Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks. In Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'00), vol. 8. IEEE Computer Society, 8020.

Digital Library

[40]

Hofmeister, C. and Purtilo, J. M. 1993. Dynamic reconfiguration in distributed systems: Adapting software modules for replacement. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems. 101--110.

[41]

Horn, P. 2001. Autonomic computing: IBM's perspective on the state of information technology. http://researchweb.watson.ibm.com/autonomic.

[42]

Huebscher, M. C. and McCann, J. A. 2004. Adaptive middleware for context-aware applications in smart-homes. In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Middleware for Pervasive and Ad-Hoc Computing (MPAC).

Digital Library

[43]

Huebscher, M. C. and McCann, J. A. 2005. Using real-time dependability in adaptive service selection. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (ICAS). 76--81.

Digital Library

[44]

IBM. 2003. An architectural blueprint for autonomic computing. Tech. rep., IBM.

[45]

Intanagonwiwat, C., Govindan, R., and Estrin, D. 2000. Directed diffusion: A scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks. In Proceedings of Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MOBICOM). 56--67.

Digital Library

[46]

Jackson, D. 2002. Alloy: a lightweight object modelling notation. Softw. Engin. Method. 11, 2, 256--290.

Digital Library

[47]

Jennings, N. R. 2000. On agent-based software engineering. AI 117, 2, 277--296.

Digital Library

[48]

Johnson, D. B., Maltz, D. A., and Broch, J. 2001. DSR: The dynamic source routing protocol for multihop wireless ad hoc networks. In Ad Hoc Networking, C. Perkins, Ed. Addison-Wesley, Chapter 5, 139--172.

Digital Library

[49]

Kahn, J. M., Katz, R. H., and Pister, K. S. J. 1999. Next century challenges: Mobile networking for “smart dust”. In Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MOBICOM'99). ACM Press, New York, NY, 271--278.

Digital Library

[50]

Kaiser, G., Gross, P., Kc, G., Parekh, J., and Valetto, G. 2002. An approach to autonomizing legacy systems. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Self-Healing, Adaptive and Self-MANaged Systems.

[51]

Kaiser, G., Parekh, J., Gross, P., and Valetto, G. 2003. Kinesthetics eXtreme: An external infrastructure for monitoring distributed legacy systems. In Proceedings of the Autonomic Computing Workshop at the 5th Annual International Workshop on Active Middleware Services (AMS).

[52]

Kaiser, G. and Valetto, G. 2000. Ravages of time: Synchronized multimedia for internet-wide process-centered software engineering environments. In Proceedings of the 3rd ICSE Workshop on Software Engineering over the Internet.

[53]

Kamoda, H., Yamaoka, M., Matsuda, S., Broda, K., and Sloman, M. 2005. Policy conflict analysis using free variable tableaux for access control in web services environments. In Proceedings of the Policy Management for the Web Workshop at the 14th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW).

[54]

Kandasamy, N., Abdelwahed, S., and Hayes, J. P. 2004. Self-optimization in computer systems via online control: Application to power management. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC). 54--61.

Digital Library

[55]

Karl, H. and Willig, A. 2005. Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks. Wiley.

Digital Library

[56]

Kenyon, H. S. 2001. Battlefield cognizance tool points to future. SIGNAL Mag.

[57]

Kephart, J. O. and Chess, D. M. 2003. The vision of autonomic computing. Computer 36, 1, 41--50.

Digital Library

[58]

Kephart, J. O. and Walsh, W. E. 2004. An artificial intelligence perspective on autonomic computing policies. In Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks. 3--12.

Digital Library

[59]

Khargharia, B., Hariri, S., and Yousif, M. 2006. Autonomic power and performance management for computing systems. In Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC). Dublin, Ireland, 145--154.

Digital Library

[60]

Kon, F., Campbell, R. H., Mickunas, M. D., Nahrstedt, K., and Ballesteros, F. J. 2000. 2K: A distributed operating system for dynamic heterogeneous environments. In Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing. 201--210.

Digital Library

[61]

Kumar, S. and Cohen, P. R. 2000. Towards a fault-tolerant multi-agent system architecture. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Autonomous Agents.

Digital Library

[62]

Lippman, A. 1999. Video coding for multiple target audiences. In Proceedings of the IS&T/SPIE Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing. K. Aizawa, R. L. Stevenson, and Y.-Q. Zhang, Eds. 780--784.

[63]

Littman, M., Nguyen, T., and Hirsh, H. 2003. A model of cost-sensitive fault mediation. In Proceedings of the IJCAI Workshop on AI and Autonomic Computing: Developing a Research Agenda for Self-Managing Computer Systems. Acapulco, Mexico.

[64]

Littman, M. L., Ravi, N., Fenson, E., and Howard, R. 2004. Reinforcement learning for autonomic network repair. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC). 284--285.

Digital Library

[65]

Lobo, J., Bhatia, R., and Naqvi, S. 1999. A policy description language. In AAAI/IAAI Proceedings of the 16th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence and the 11th Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference. American Association for Artificial Intelligence, Menlo Park, CA, 291--298.

Digital Library

[66]

Lupu, E. and Sloman, M. 1997. Conflict analysis for management policies. In Proceedings of the 5th IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management. 430--443.

Digital Library

[67]

Lupu, E. and Sloman, M. 1999. Conflicts in policy-based distributed systems management. IEEE Trans. Softw. Engin. Special Issue on Inconsistency Management 25, 6, 852--869.

Digital Library

[68]

Lutfiyya, H., Molenkamp, G., Katchabaw, M., and Bauer, M. A. 2001. Issues in managing soft qos requirements in distributed systems using a policy-based framework. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks (POLICY'01). Springer-Verlag, 185--201.

Digital Library

[69]

Lymberopoulos, L., Lupu, E., and Sloman, M. 2003. An adaptive policy-based framework for network services management. J. Netw. Syst. Manag. 11, (Special Issue on Policy-based Management).

Digital Library

[70]

Magee, J., Dulay, N., Eisenbach, S., and Kramer, J. 1995. Specifying distributed software architectures. In Proceedings of the 5th European Software Engineering Conference. Springer-Verlag, 137--153.

Digital Library

[71]

Magee, J. and Sloman, M. 1989. Constructing distributed systems in conic. IEEE Trans. Softw. Engin. 15, 6, 663--675.

Digital Library

[72]

Mainsah, E. 2002. Autonomic computing: The next era of computing. Electron. Comm. Engin. J. 14, 1, 2--3.

[73]

Manoel, E., Nielsen, M. J., Salahshour, A., and Sampath, S. 2005. Problem Determination Using Self-Managing Autonomic Technology. IBM Redbooks.

[74]

Markl, V., Lohman, G. M., and Raman, V. 2003. LEO: An autonomic query optimizer for DB2. IBM Syst. J. 42, 1, 98--106.

Digital Library

[75]

McCann, J. A. and Crane, J. S. 1998. Kendra: Internet distribution and delivery system: An introductory paper. In Proceedings of the SCS EuroMedia Conference, Leicester, UK, A. Verbraeck and M. Al-Akaidi, Eds. Society for Computer Simulation International, 134--140.

[76]

McCann, J. A., Huebscher, M., and A., H. 2006. Context as autonomic intelligence in a ubiquitous computing environment. Int. J. Intern. Protocol Tech. Special Edition on Autonomic Computing.

Digital Library

[77]

McCann, J. A., Navarra, A., and Papadopoulos, A. 2005. Connectionless probabilistic (CoP) routing: An efficient protocol for mobile wireless ad-hoc sensor networks. In Proceedings of 24th IEEE International Performance, Computing and Communications Conference. Phoenix, AZ.

[78]

Melcher, B. and Mitchell, B. 2004. Towards an autonomic framework: Self-configuring network services and developing autonomic applications. Intel Techn. J. 8, 4, 279--290.

[79]

Moore, J., Chase, J., and Ranganathan, P. 2006. Weatherman: Automated, online, and predictive thermal mapping and management for data centers. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC). Dublin, Ireland, 155--164.

Digital Library

[80]

Muscettola, N., Nayak, P. P., Pell, B., and Williams, B. C. 1998. Remote agent: To boldly go where no AI system has gone before. AI 103, 1-2, 5--47.

Digital Library

[81]

Nisan, N., London, S., Regev, O., and Camiel, N. 1998. Globally distributed computation over the Internet—the POPCORN project. In Proceedings of the the 18th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS'98). IEEE Computer Society, 592.

Digital Library

[82]

Oreizy, P., Gorlick, M., Taylor, R., Heimbigner, D., Johnson, G., Medvidovic, N., Quilici, A., Rosenblum, D., and Wolf, A. 1999. An architecture-based approach to self-adaptive software. IEEE Intell. Syst. 14, 3, 54--62.

Digital Library

[83]

Oreizy, P., Medvidovic, N., and Taylor, R. N. 1998. Architecture-based runtime software evolution. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE'98). IEEE Computer Society, 177--186.

Digital Library

[84]

Osogami, T., Harchol-Balter, M., and Scheller-Wolf, A. 2005. Analysis of cycle stealing with switching times and thresholds. Perform. Eval. 61, 4, 347--369.

Digital Library

[85]

Parekh, J., Kaiser, G., Gross, P., and Valetto, G. 2003. Retrofitting autonomic capabilities onto legacy systems. Tech. rep. CUCS-026-03, Columbia University.

[86]

Paulson, L. D. 2002. Computer system, heal thyself. Computer 35, 8, 20--22.

Digital Library

[87]

Perkins, C. E. and Bhagwat, P. 1994. Highly dynamic destination-sequenced distance-vector routing (dsdv) for mobile computers. In Proceedings of the Conference on Communications Architectures, Protocols and Applications (SIGCOMM'94). ACM Press, New York, NY, 234--244.

Digital Library

[88]

Ponnappan, A., Yang, L., Pillai, R., and Braun, P. 2002. A policy based QoS management system for the intserv/diffserv based internet. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks. 159--168.

Digital Library

[89]

Roblee, C., Berk, V., and Cybenko, G. 2005. Implementing large-scale autonomic server monitoring using process query systems. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC). 123--133.

Digital Library

[90]

Russel, S. and Norvig, P. 2003. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach 2nd Ed. Prentice Hall.

Digital Library

[91]

Rutherford, M. J., Anderson, K., Carzaniga, A., Heimbigner, D., and Wolf, A. L. 2002. Reconfiguration in the Enterprise Javabean component model. In Proceedings of the IFIP/ACM Working Conference on Component Deployment, Berlin, Germany. 67--81.

Digital Library

[92]

Sharma, V., Thomas, A., Abdelzaher, T., Skadron, K., and Lu, Z. 2003. Power-aware qos management in Web servers. In Proceedings of the 24th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS'03). IEEE Computer Society, 63.

Digital Library

[93]

Shivam, P., Babu, S., and Chase, J. 2006. Learning application models for utility resource planning. In Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC). Dublin, Ireland, 255--264.

Digital Library

[94]

Sloman, M. 1994. Policy driven management for distributed systems. J. Netw. Syst. Manag. 2, 4, 333--360.

[95]

Sterritt, R., Smyth, B., and Bradley, M. 2005. PACT: Personal autonomic computing tools. In Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems (ECBS). IEEE Computer Society, 519--527.

Digital Library

[96]

Strickland, J. W., Freeh, V. W., Ma, X., and Vazhkudai, S. S. 2005. Governor: Autonomic throttling for aggressive idle resource scavenging. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC).

Digital Library

[97]

Strowes, S., Badr, N., Dulay, N., Heeps, S., Lupu, E., Sloman, M., and Sventek, J. 2006. An event service supporting autonomic management of ubiquitous systems for e-health. In Proceedings of International Workshop on Distributed Event-Based Systems.

Digital Library

[98]

Sutton, R. S. and Barto, A. G. 1998. Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

Digital Library

[99]

Tesauro, G., Das, R., Jong, N., and Bennani, M. 2006. A hybrid reinforcement learning approach to autonomic resource allocation. In Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC). Dublin, Ireland, 65--73.

Digital Library

[100]

Thomson, G., Stevenson, G., Terzis, S., and Nixon, P. 2006. A self-managing infrastructure for ad-hoc situation determination. In 4th International Conference on Smart Homes and Health Telematics (ICOST'06). IOS Press.

[101]

Urgaonkar, B., Shenoy, P., Chandra, A., and Goyal, P. 2005. Dynamic provisioning of multi-tier Internet applications. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC). 217--228.

Digital Library

[102]

Valetto, G. and Kaiser, G. 2002. A case study in software adaptation. In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Self-Healing Systems. 73--78.

Digital Library

[103]

Valetto, G. and Kaiser, G. 2003. Using process technology to control and coordinate software adaptation. In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE'03). IEEE Computer Society, 262--272.

Digital Library

[104]

Waldspurger, C. A., Hogg, T., Huberman, B. A., Kephart, J. O., and Stornetta, W. 1992. Spawn: A distributed computational economy. IEEE Trans. Softw. Engin. 18, 103--117.

Digital Library

[105]

Walsh, W. E., Tesauro, G., Kephart, J. O., and Das, R. 2004. Utility functions in autonomic systems. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC'04). 70--77.

Digital Library

[106]

Weiser, M. 1991. The computer for the 21st century. Scientific American 265, 3, 94--104.

Digital Library

[107]

Whiteson, S. and Stone, P. 2006. Evolutionary function approximation for reinforcement learning. J. Mach. Learn. Resea. 7, 877--917.

Digital Library

[108]

Wieselthier, J. E., Nguyen, G. D., and Ephremides, A. 2002. Energy-efficient broadcast and multicast trees in wireless networks. Mob. Netw. Appl. 7, 6, 481--492.

Digital Library

[109]

Wildstrom, J., Stone, P., Witchel, E., Mooney, R., and Dahlin, M. 2005. Towards self-configuring hardware for distributed computer systems. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC). 241--249.

Digital Library

[110]

Wise, A., Cass, A. G., Lerner, B. S., Call, E. K. M., Osterweil, L. J., and Jr., S. M. S. 2000. Using Little-JIL to coordinate agents in software engineering. In Proceedings of the Automated Software Engineering Conference (ASE'00).

Digital Library

[111]

Wolf, A., Heimbigner, D., Knight, J., Devanbu, P., Gertz, M., and Carzaniga, A. 2000. Bend, don't break: Using reconfiguration to achieve survivability. In Proceedings of the 3rd Information Survivability Workshop.

[112]

Wooldridge, M. and Jennings, N. 1995. Intelligent agents: Theory and practice. Knowl. Engin. Rev. 10, 2, 115--152.

[113]

Xu, J., Adabala, S., and Fortes, J. A. B. 2005. Towards autonomic virtual applications in the in-vigo system. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC).

Digital Library

[114]

Zenmyo, T., Yoshida, H., and Kimura, T. 2006. A self-healing technique based on encapsulated operation knowledge. In Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC). Dublin, Ireland, 25--32.

Digital Library

[115]

Zhang, J. and Figueiredo, R. 2006. Autonomic feature selection for application classification. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC).

Digital Library

Cited By

Lippi MMariani SMartinelli MZambonelli F(2025)Autonomous Mental Development at the Individual and Collective Levels: Concept and ChallengesIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2024.352236213(5907-5921)Online publication date: 2025
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3522362
Oukharijane JChaâbane MSaid IAndonoff EBouaziz R(2025)An assessment taxonomy for self-adaptation business process solutionsData & Knowledge Engineering10.1016/j.datak.2024.102374155(102374)Online publication date: Jan-2025
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.datak.2024.102374
Андрей Владимирович ТПаша оглы ФАрсений Викторович ТСервер Сейранович К(2024)Программно-аппаратный комплекс распределенного планировщика ресурсов инфокоммуникационной системы облачного центра обработки данныхУправление большими системами: сборник трудов10.25728/ubs.2024.109.12(268-292)Online publication date: 31-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.25728/ubs.2024.109.12
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

A survey of autonomic computing—degrees, models, and applications
1. Computing methodologies
  1. Artificial intelligence
    1. Distributed artificial intelligence
      1. Multi-agent systems

Recommendations

Towards autonomic computing: a new self-management method
AICI'11: Proceedings of the Third international conference on Artificial intelligence and computational intelligence - Volume Part I

Autonomic computing is a new technology which aims to hide the software complexity by means of "technologies managing technologies". The paper concludes and analysis the related concept of autonomic computing, the architecture and the working mechanisms ...
ajME: making game engines autonomic
Fun and Games '10: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Fun and Games

Autonomic Computing is now showing its value as a solution to the increased complexities of maintaining computer systems and has been applied to many different fields. In this paper, we demonstrate how a gaming application can benefit from autonomic ...
A Survey of Context Adaptation in Autonomic Computing
ICAS '08: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems

Autonomic Computing (AC) is an emerging paradigm aiming at simplifying the administration of complex computer systems. Efforts required to deploy and maintain complex systems are usually high. Autonomic Computing may help to reduce these efforts by ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Computing Surveys

ACM Computing Surveys Volume 40, Issue 3

August 2008

155 pages

ISSN:0360-0300

EISSN:1557-7341

DOI:10.1145/1380584

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2008 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 13 August 2008

Accepted: 01 October 2007

Revised: 01 June 2007

Received: 01 July 2006

Published in CSUR Volume 40, Issue 3

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article
Research
Refereed

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

627
Total Citations
View Citations
8,786
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)108
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)9

Reflects downloads up to 08 Mar 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Lippi MMariani SMartinelli MZambonelli F(2025)Autonomous Mental Development at the Individual and Collective Levels: Concept and ChallengesIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2024.352236213(5907-5921)Online publication date: 2025
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3522362
Oukharijane JChaâbane MSaid IAndonoff EBouaziz R(2025)An assessment taxonomy for self-adaptation business process solutionsData & Knowledge Engineering10.1016/j.datak.2024.102374155(102374)Online publication date: Jan-2025
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.datak.2024.102374
Андрей Владимирович ТПаша оглы ФАрсений Викторович ТСервер Сейранович К(2024)Программно-аппаратный комплекс распределенного планировщика ресурсов инфокоммуникационной системы облачного центра обработки данныхУправление большими системами: сборник трудов10.25728/ubs.2024.109.12(268-292)Online publication date: 31-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.25728/ubs.2024.109.12
Mateen AMahmood KNam S(2024)DB Workload Management Through Characterization and Idleness Detection2024 26th International Conference on Advanced Communications Technology (ICACT)10.23919/ICACT60172.2024.10471766(226-231)Online publication date: 4-Feb-2024
https://doi.org/10.23919/ICACT60172.2024.10471766
Sharma STomar VYadav NAGGARWAL M(2024)Artificial Intelligence Powered Autonomic Computing and its ApplicationsSSRN Electronic Journal10.2139/ssrn.4486935Online publication date: 2024
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4486935
Flammini FAlcaraz CBellini EMarrone SLopez JBondavalli A(2024)Towards Trustworthy Autonomous Systems: Taxonomies and Future PerspectivesIEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing10.1109/TETC.2022.322711312:2(601-614)Online publication date: Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TETC.2022.3227113
Feist MBrinkschulte UPacher M(2024)The Adaptation Mechanism of Chameleon - A Comprehensive Adaptive Middleware for Mixed-Critical Cyber-Physical Networks2024 IEEE 27th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC)10.1109/ISORC61049.2024.10551345(1-10)Online publication date: 22-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC61049.2024.10551345
Ma WChen HHuang ZHu XLi QZhang ZWang P(2024)On Achieving Cyber Resilience in Digitalized Rail Transit Control Systems2024 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Disaster Management (ICT-DM)10.1109/ICT-DM62768.2024.10798948(1-7)Online publication date: 19-Nov-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT-DM62768.2024.10798948
Baiardi M(2024)Supporting Autonomic Computing via BDI Tooling2024 IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems Companion (ACSOS-C)10.1109/ACSOS-C63493.2024.00047(152-154)Online publication date: 16-Sep-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSOS-C63493.2024.00047
Hamzah Khan MHabaebi MRafiqul Islam M(2024)A Systematic Literature Review of Cloud Brokers for Autonomic Service DistributionIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2024.345882912(131164-131187)Online publication date: 2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3458829
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Article

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Figures

Tables

Media

View Issue’s Table of Contents