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O2C: occasional two-cycle operations for dynamic thermal management in high performance in-order microprocessors

Published: 11 August 2008 Publication History

Abstract

In this paper, we propose O2C, a novel non-speculative adaptive thermal management technique that reduces the temperature during die-overheating using supply voltage scaling, while maintaining the rated clock frequency. This is accomplished by (a) scaling down the supply voltage, (b) isolating and predicting the set of critical paths, (c) ensuring (by design) that they are activated rarely, and (d) getting around occasional delay failures (at reduced voltage during die-overheating) in these paths by two-cycle operations (assuming all standard operations are single-cycle). Two-cycle operation is achieved by stalling the pipeline for extra clock cycles whenever the set of critical paths are activated. The rare two-cycle operation results in a small decrease in IPC (instructions per cycle). Since called O2C maintains the rated clock frequency and does not require pipeline stalling during supply voltage ramp-up/ramp-down, it achieves high throughput in a thermally constrained environment. We applied called O2C to the integer execution units of an in-order superscalar pipeline. Standard full-chip Dynamic Voltage-Frequency Scaling (DVFS) is very effective in bringing down the temperature, however; it is associated with large throughput loss due to pipeline stalling and slow operating frequency during thermal management. We integrated "O2C with standard DVFS" (called O2Cα) to demonstrate that it can act as a "first step" before full-scale thermal management is required. Our simulations indeed reveal that called O2Cα policy can avoid the requirement of full-scale DVFS during execution of programs.

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  • (2023)Dependable DNN Accelerator for Safety-Critical Systems: A Review on the Aging PerspectiveIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2023.330037611(89803-89834)Online publication date: 2023
  • (2012)Recent thermal management techniques for microprocessorsACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)10.1145/2187671.218767544:3(1-42)Online publication date: 14-Jun-2012
  • (2010)Effect of Variations and Variation Tolerance in Logic CircuitsLow-Power Variation-Tolerant Design in Nanometer Silicon10.1007/978-1-4419-7418-1_3(83-108)Online publication date: 25-Oct-2010

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  1. O2C: occasional two-cycle operations for dynamic thermal management in high performance in-order microprocessors

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    cover image ACM Conferences
    ISLPED '08: Proceedings of the 2008 international symposium on Low Power Electronics & Design
    August 2008
    396 pages
    ISBN:9781605581095
    DOI:10.1145/1393921
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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    Publication History

    Published: 11 August 2008

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    Author Tags

    1. adaptive clocking
    2. adaptive thermal management
    3. in-order processor

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    • (2023)Dependable DNN Accelerator for Safety-Critical Systems: A Review on the Aging PerspectiveIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2023.330037611(89803-89834)Online publication date: 2023
    • (2012)Recent thermal management techniques for microprocessorsACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)10.1145/2187671.218767544:3(1-42)Online publication date: 14-Jun-2012
    • (2010)Effect of Variations and Variation Tolerance in Logic CircuitsLow-Power Variation-Tolerant Design in Nanometer Silicon10.1007/978-1-4419-7418-1_3(83-108)Online publication date: 25-Oct-2010

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