ABSTRACT
The upcoming of smart phones are the result of consumers' preference for high-feature products: manufacturers are lured into integration of a growing number of technologies and features to provide attractive and competitive models. At the same time usability of such complex products becomes an increasing problem. This study aims to provide designers more insight into the consequences of emerging technologies on the usability of smart phones with different platforms. We conducted a usability benchmark study and tested 4 different features on 3 smart phones with 3 different platforms (Nokia E6li (Symbian S60, cell phone type platform), HTC S710 (Windows Mobile 6, PC type platform), Palm Treo680 (Palm OS, PDA type platform)) with in total 43 subjects in a between-subjects design. The results show significant differences in usability of the smart phones for the selected functions. For all platforms, the common design guidelines for usability still apply, but are restricted by the desire to integrate more functionality to create competitive products.
- Amant, R. St., Horton, T. E. and Ritter, F. E. Model-based evaluation of cell phone menu interaction. In Proc. CHI 2004, ACM Press (2004), 343--350. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bay, S. and Ziefle, M. Children using cellular phones: The effects of shortcomings in user interface design. Human Factors 47, 1 (2005), 158--168.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Brown, C. L. and Carpenter, G. S. Why is trivial important? A reasons-based account for the effects of trivial attributes on choice. Journal of Consumer Research 26, (2000), 372--385.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Buchanan, G., Farrant, S., Jones, M., Thimbleby, H., Marsden, G. and Pazzani, M. Improving mobile internet usability. In Proc. 10th Int. Conf. on World Wide Web, ACM Press (2001), 673--680. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chae, M. and Kim, J. Do size and structure matter to mobile users? An empirical study of the effects of screen size, information structure, and task complexity on user activities with standard web phones. Behaviour & Information Technology 23, 3 (2004), pp 165--181.Google Scholar
- Cockburn, A., Gutwin, C. and Greenberg, S. A predictive model of menu performance. In Proc. CHI 2007, ACM Press (2007), 627--636. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Cooper, A. The Inmates are Running the Asylum. Macmillan Computer Publishing, Indianapolis, USA, 1999. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Cooper, Robert G. Winning at new products: accelerating the process from idea to launch. 3rd edition. Perseus Publishing, New York, 2001.Google Scholar
- Cordell, V. V. Consumer knowledge measures as predictors in product evaluation. Psychology & Marketing 14, 3 (1997), 241--260.Google Scholar
- Den Ouden, E., Lu, Y., Sonnemans, P. J. M. and Brombacher, A. C. Quality and reliability problems from a consumer's perspective: an increasing problem overlooked by businesses? Quality and Reliability Engineering International 22, 7 (2006), 821--838.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Dumas, J. S. and Redish, J. C. A Practical Guide to Usability Testing, Intellect Books, Portland, USA, 1999. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Flynn, L. R. and Goldsmith, R. E. A short, reliable measure of subjective knowledge. Journal of Business Research 46, (1999) 57--66.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Goldstein, M., Anneroth, M. and Book, R. Usability evaluation of a high-fidelity smart phone prototype: Task navigation depth affects effectiveness. In Proc. of the HCI Int. 1999, ACM Press (1999), 38--42. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gourville, J. T. Eager sellers and stony buyers - Understanding the psychology of new-product adoption, Harvard Business Review 84, (2006), 98--106.Google Scholar
- Hochheiser, H. and Shneiderman, B. Performance benefits of simultaneous over sequential menus as task complexity increases. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 12, 2 (2000), 173--192.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Holleis, P., Friederike, O., Hußmann, H. and Smidt, A. Keystroke-level model for advanced mobile phone interaction. In Proc. CHI 2007, ACM Press (2007), 1505--1514. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Howell, D. C. Statistical Methods for Psychology, Fifth Edition, Thompson Learning, Pacific Grove, 2002.Google Scholar
- ISO 9241-11:1998 Ergonomic Requirements for Office Work with Visual Display Terminals (VDTs) - Part 11: Guidance on Usability, 1998.Google Scholar
- Jeong, S.-H. and Lee, K.-P. The effects of experience with a PC on the usability of a mobile product, In Proc. 6th Asian Design International Conference, 2003.Google Scholar
- Kiljander, H. Evolution and Usability of Mobile Phone Interaction Styles. Thesis for Doctor of Science in Technology, Helsinki University of Technology, December 2004.Google Scholar
- Lewis, J. R. Psychometric evaluation of an after-scenario questionnaire for computer usability studies: The ASQ. SIGCHI Bulletin 23, 1 (1991), 78--81. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Malykhina, E. Analysis: How smartphone platforms compare. InformationWeek, 20 January 2007. http://www.informationweek.com/story/showArticle.jhtml?a rticleID=196902226 (accessed August 2007).Google Scholar
- Malykhina, E. Smartphone buyer's guide. InformationWeek, 30 October 2006. http://www.informationweek.com/story/showArticle.jhtml?a rticleID=193402812 (accessed August 2007).Google Scholar
- Mohageg, M. F. and Wagner, A. Design Considerations for Information Appliances. In Information Appliances and Beyond. Interaction Design for Consumer Products, ed. Bergman, E. Academic Press, San Diego, 2000, 27--51.Google Scholar
- Norman, D. A. The Invisible Computer. The MIT Press, Massachusetts, 1998. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Nyberg, M., Björk, S., Goldstein, M. and Redström, J. Handheld applications design: Merging information appliances without affecting usability. In Proc. IFIP TC. 13 Conference on Human Computer Interaction. IOP Press (2001), 391--398.Google Scholar
- Overton, D. 'No Fault Found' returns cost the mobile industry $4.5 billion per year. July 2006. http://www.wdsglobal.com/news/whitepapers/20060717/200 60717.asp (accessed August 2007).Google Scholar
- Rust, R. T., Thompson, D. V., Hamilton, R. W. Defeating Feature Fatigue, Harvard Business Review 84, 2 (2006), 98--107.Google Scholar
- Svendsen, B. Mobile computing. In True Visions, The emergence of ambient intelligence, Aarts, E. and Encarnação, J. L. (Eds.), Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 2006.Google Scholar
- Tarasewich, P., Wireless devices for mobile commerce: User interface design and usability. In Mobile Commerce: Technology, Theory and Applications, ed. Mennecke, B.E and Strader, T. J. Idea Group Publishing, Hershey, 2002, 26--50. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Thompson, D. V., Hamilton, R. W. and Rust, R. T. Feature fatigue: When product capabilities become too much of a good thing. Journal of Marketing Research 42, 4 (2005), 431--442.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Weiss, S., Handheld Usability, John Willey & Sons, LTD, Chichester, 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Zhang, D. and Adipat, B. Challenges, methodologies, and issues in the usability testing of mobile applications. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 18, 3 (2005), 293--308.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Zheng, P. and Ni, L. M. Smart Phone & Next Generation Mobile Computing. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco, 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ziefle, M. and Bay, S. How to overcome disorientation in mobile phone menus: A comparison of two different types of navigation aids. Human-Computer Interaction 21, (2006), 393--433. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ziefle, M., Bay, S. and Schwade, A. On keys' meanings and modes: The impact of different key solutions on children's efficiency using a mobile phone. Behaviour & Information Technology 25, 5 (2006), 413--431.Google Scholar
- Ziefle, M. and Bay, S. How older adults meet complexity: aging effects on the usability of different mobile phones. Behaviour & Information Technology 24, 5 (2005), 375--389.Google Scholar
- Ziefle, M., and Bay, S. Mental models of a cellular phone menu. Comparing older and younger novice users. In Proc. MobileCHI 2004, Springer-Verlag (2004), 25--37.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Ziefle, M. The influence of user expertise and phone complexity on performance, ease of use and learnability of different mobile phones. Behaviour & Information Technology 21, 5 (2002), 303--311Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Usability benchmark study of commercially available smart phones: cell phone type platform, PDA type platform and PC type platform
Recommendations
Smart Camera Phones: Limits and Applications
The authors review MMAPI technology and explore how users might use their phones' cameras as more than just conventional cameras. Their goal was to understand this technology and its limitations and to clarify what we can (and canýt) achieve with ...
The Analysis and Research of the Smart Phone's User Interface Based on Chinese Elderly's Cognitive Character
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Aging and Assistive Environments - Volume 8515With the rapid development of modern information era, smart phones have become an irreversible trend to replace the tradition ones. With the trend of aging population in China, we can't underestimate the rapidly growing population of the Chinese elderly ...
A framework for evaluating the usability of mobile phones based on multi-level, hierarchical model of usability factors
As a mobile phone has various advanced functionalities or features, usability issues are increasingly challenging. Due to the particular characteristics of a mobile phone, typical usability evaluation methods and heuristics, most of which are relevant ...
Comments