Hendrik Lemelson
Wolfgang Effelsberg
ABSTRACT
Since the first days of location-based services, the reliable estimation of a user's position has been seen as one of the key prerequisites for their success. While satellite-based systems can deliver suitable results when the user is outdoors, another solution is needed in case that he is located inside a building. Here, the position estimation with the help of 802.11 and fingerprinting algorithms promises to fill the gap. One major drawback though is the high initial effort that is needed to deploy such a fingerprinting-based 802.11 positioning system. Therefore, in this paper, novel algorithms that pre-process the data collected for the fingerprints are presented. By this pre-processing step, the amount of data that needs to be collected and therefore also the amount of time that needs to be spent collecting the data can be reduced by about 80%. Additionally, despite the reduced amount of data, the positioning accuracy cannot only be retained but even slightly improved by about 15% depending on the system's setup.
- 3GPP. Work programme for the standarization of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). TR 00.01U, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 2000.Google Scholar
- P. Bahl and V. N. Padmanabhan. RADAR: An In-Building RF-Based User Location and Tracking System. In Proc. of the 19th IEEE Conf. on Computer Communications (InfoCom), Tel Aviv, Israel, March 2000.Google ScholarCross Ref
- European Union - Directorate-General for Energy and Transport. Galileo: European satellite navigation system. Website: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/galileo/index_en.htm, 2005.Google Scholar
- A. Haeberlen, E. Flannery, A. M. Ladd, A. Rudys, D. S. Wallach, and L. E. Kavraki. Practical Robust Localization over Large-Scale 802.11 Wireless Networks. In Proc. of the 10th ACM Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), New York, NY, USA, Sept. 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Harter, A. Hopper, P. Steggles, A. Ward, and P. Webster. The Anatomy of a Context-Aware Application. Wireless Networks, 8(2-3):187--197, March 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. ANSI/IEEE Standard 802.11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications. Website: http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/, 1999.Google Scholar
- Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Core Specification of the Bluetooth System Specification Volume 1. Website: http://ieee802.org/15/Bluetooth/, 2001.Google Scholar
- E. Kaplan and C. Hegarty, editors. Understanding GPS: Principles and Applications. Artech House Incorporated, 2nd edition, Dec. 2005.Google Scholar
- T. King, T. Butter, H. Lemelson, T. Haenselmann, and W. Effelsberg. Loc{lib,trace,eva,ana}: Research Tools for 802.11-based Positioning Systems. In Proc. of the 2nd ACM Int. Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental evaluation and CHaracterization (WiNTECH), Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Sept. 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. King, T. Haenselmann, and W. Effelsberg. Deployment, Calibration, and Measurement Factors for Position Errors in 802.11-based Indoor Positioning Systems. In Proc. of the 3rd Int. Symp. on Location- and Context-Awareness (LoCA), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, Sept. 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. King, S. Kopf, T. Haenselmann, C. Lubberger, and W. Effelsberg. COMPASS: A Probabilistic Indoor Positioning System Based on 802.11 and Digital Compasses. In Proc. of the 1st ACM International Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental evaluation and CHaracterization (WiNTECH), Los Angeles, CA, USA, Sept. 2006. ACM Press. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. LaMarca, Y. Chawathe, S. Consolvo, J. Hightower, I. Smith, J. Scott, T. Sohn, J. Howard, J. Hughes, F. Potter, J. Tabert, P. Powledge, G. Borriello, and B. Schilit. Place Lab: Device Positioning Using Radio Beacons in the Wild. In Proc. of the 3rd Int. Conf. on Pervasive Computing (Pervasive), Munich, Germany, May 2005. IEEE Computer Society. Google ScholarDigital Library
- K. Lorincz and M. Welsh. MoteTrack: A Robust, Decentralized Approach to RF-Based Location Tracking. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, Oct. 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. D. Malcolm Macnaughtan, Craig Scott. Next Generation Wireless Networks, volume 598, chapter A Series of GSM Positioning Trials, pages 195--229. 2002.Google Scholar
- M. Mouly and M.-B. Pautet. The GSM System for Mobile Communications. Telecom Publishing, 1992. Google ScholarDigital Library
- N. B. Priyantha, A. Chakraborty, and H. Balakrishnan. The Cricket Location-Support System. In Proc. of the 6th ACM Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), Boston, MA, USA, Aug. 2000. ACM Press. Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. S. Rappaport. Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 2nd edition, Dec. 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Varshavsky, A. LaMarca, J. Hightower, and E. de Lara. The SkyLoc Floor Localization System. In Proc. of the 5th Int. Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom), pages 125--134, White Plain, NY, USA, March 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- R. Want, A. Hopper, V. Falcao, and J. Gibbons. The Active Badge Location System. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 10(1):91--102, January 1992. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Youssef. Horus: A WLAN-Based Indoor Location Determination System. PhD thesis, University of Maryland at College Park, 2004.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Pre-processing of fingerprints to improve the positioning accuracy of 802.11-based positioning systems
Recommendations
Crowdsourcing-based radio map update automation for wi-fi positioning systems
GeoCrowd '14: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Crowdsourced and Volunteered Geographic InformationWith the popularization of smartphones, the needs for indoor location information are rapidly growing these days. Wi-Fi based positioning technique has been widely used to provide positioning information indoors. In particular, fingerprint-based ...
Novel fingerprinting mechanisms for indoor positioning
As wireless communications and microelectronic technology rapidly develop, diverse applications and services based on smart handheld devices have drawn the attention of researchers. The popularity of Indoor Location Based services and applications has ...
A Fingerprinting Trilateration Method FTM for Indoor Positioning and Its Performance
Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population. Social Media, Games and Assistive EnvironmentsAbstractThis manuscript discusses a new indoor positioning method called a fingerprinting trilateration method or FTM using BLE beacons. The strength of BLE signals, referred to as received signal strength indicators or RSSI, decrease as they travel ...
Comments