ABSTRACT
Assistance - work carried out by one entity in support of another - is a concept of long-standing interest, both as a type of human work common in organizations and as a model of how computational systems might interact with humans. Surprisingly, the perhaps most paradigmatic form of assistance - the work of administrative assistants or secretaries - has received almost no attention. This paper reports on a study of assistants, and their principals and managers, laying out a model of their work, the skills and competencies they need to function effectively, and reflects on implications for the design of systems and organizations.
- Apple Computer, Inc. Knowledge Navigator video. http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-5144094928842683632Google Scholar
- Blandford, A. and Green, T. 2001. Group and individual time management tools: What you get is not what you need. Personal Ubiquitous Comp. 5, 4 (2001), 213--230. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Dabbish, L. A. and Baker, R. S. Administrative assistants as interruption mediators. Ext. Abstracts CHI 2003. ACM Press (2003), 1020--1021. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ehrlich, S. F. Social and psychological factors influencing the design of office communications systems. Proc. CHI/GI '87. ACM Press (1987), 323--329. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ehrlich, S. F. Strategies for encouraging successful adoption of office communication systems. ACM Transactions on Office Information System S, 5, (1987), 340--357. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Francik, E., Rudman, S. E., Cooper, D., and Levine, S. Putting innovation to work: adoption strategies for multimedia communication systems. Communications of the ACM 34, 12 (1991), 52--63. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gerson, E. M. and Star, S. L. Analyzing due process in the workplace. ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems, 4, 3 (1986), 257--270. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Grudin, J. Managerial use and emerging norms: Effects of activity patterns on software design and deployment. Proc HICSS2004, 1. IEEE Computer Society (2004), 10038.3. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gruen, D., Sidner, C., Boettner, C., and Rich, C. 1999. A collaborative assistant for email. Ext. Abstracts CHI 1999. ACM Press (1999), 196--197. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gutierrez, C. and Hidalgo, J. C. 1988. Suggesting what to do next. Proc. ACM SIGSMALL/PC Symposium on ACTES. ACM (1988), 126--132. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Harrison, B. L., Cozzi, A., and Moran, T. P. Roles and relationships for unified activity management. Proc GROUP '05. ACM Press (2005), 236--245. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Moran, T. P. and Dourish, P. (editors) Special Issue: Context Aware Computing. Human Computer Interaction, 16, 2--4 (2001). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 87--419. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Muller, M. J., Carr, R., Ashworth, C., Diekmann, B., Wharton, C., Eickstaedt, C., and Clonts, J. 1995. Telephone operators as knowledge workers: Consultants who meet customer needs. Proc. CHI '95. ACM Press (1995), 130--137. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Muller, M. J. and Gruen, D. M. 2005. Working together inside an emailbox. Proc. ECSCW 2005. Springer-Verlag (2005), 103--122. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Palen, L. Social, individual and technological issues for groupware calendar systems. Proc. CHI 1999. ACM Press (1999), 17--24. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Rouncefield, M., Hughes, J. A., Rodden, T., and Viller, S. 1994. Working with "constant interruption": CSCW and the small office. Proc. CSCW 1994. ACM Press (1994), 275--286. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Schmidt, K. and Bannon, L. Taking CSCW seriously: Supporting articulation work. Journal of Computer Supported Cooperative Work 1, 1-2 (1992), 7--40.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Star, S. L. Invisible work and silenced dialogues in knowledge representation. In I.V. Eriksson, B. A. Kitchenham and K. G. Tijdens (Eds) Women, Work and Computerization. Elsevier Science Publishers, 1991.Google Scholar
- Strauss, Anselm. Work and the division of labor. The Sociological Quarterly, 26, 11 (1985), 1--19.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Suchman, L. A. Office procedure as practical action: models of work and system design. ACM Transactions on Information Systems 1, 4 (1983), 320--328. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Suchman, L. A. Plans and Situated Actions: The problem of human machine communication. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Szóstek, A. M. and Markopoulos, P. 2006. Factors defining face-to-face interruptions in the office environment. In Ext. Abstracts CHI 2006. ACM Press, (2006), 1379--1384. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Truss, C. The Secretarial Ghetto: Myth or Reality? A Study of Secretarial Work in England, France and Germany. Work, Employment & Society, 7, 4 (1993), 561--584.Google Scholar
- Whittaker, S. and Sidner, C. Email overload: exploring personal information management of email. Proc. CHI 1996. ACM Press (1996), 276--283. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Assistance: the work practices of human administrative assistants and their implications for it and organizations
Recommendations
"Figure out how to code with the hands of others": recognizing cultural blind spots in global software development
CSCW '14: Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computingWe report on an ethnographic study of an outsourcing global software development (GSD) setup between an Indian IT vendor and an IT development division of a Danish bank. We investigate how the local IT development work is shaped by the global setup in ...
DALÍ: a digital assistant for the elderly and visually impaired using alexa speech interaction and TV display
PETRA '20: Proceedings of the 13th ACM International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive EnvironmentsThe continued development of digital technology is occurring alongside the aging of global populations, creating opportunities to assist older people that fear and are slower to adopt digital technology in everyday tasks and activities. Increased user ...
Rethinking decision making in complex work settings: beyond human cognition to the social landscape
HCI '16: Proceedings of the 30th International BCS Human Computer Interaction Conference: Fusion!This paper presents a fusion of ideas across disciplines to study and conceptualize decision making. Typically, decision making is approached as a cognitive process. Nevertheless, there is a growing shift in perception towards decision making as more ...
Comments