skip to main content
research-article

A variational approach for automatic generation of panoramic maps

Published: 09 February 2009 Publication History

Abstract

Panoramic maps combine the advantages of both ordinary geographic maps and terrestrial images. While inheriting the familiar perspective of terrestrial images, they provide a good overview and avoid occlusion of important geographical features. The designer achieves this by skillful choice and integration of several views in a single image. As important features on the surface must be carefully rearranged to guarantee their visibility, the manual design of panoramic maps requires many hours of tedious and painstaking work.
In this article we take a variational approach to the design of panoramic maps. Starting from conventional elevation data and aerial images, our method fully automatically computes panoramic maps from arbitrary viewpoints. It rearranges geographic structures to maximize the visibility of a specified set of features while minimizing the deformation of the landscape's shape.

References

[1]
Agrawala, M. and Stolte, C. 2001. Rendering effective route maps: Improving usability through generalization. In Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH'01). ACM, New York, 241--249.
[2]
Agrawala, M., Zorin, D., and Munzner, T. 2000. Artistic multiprojection rendering. In Proceedings of the Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques. Springer, London, 125--136.
[3]
Barr, A. H. 1984. Global and local deformations of solid primitives. In Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH '84). ACM, New York, 21--30.
[4]
Brosz, J., Samavati, F. F., Sheelagh, M. T. C., and Sousa, M. C. 2007. Single camera flexible projection. In Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering (NPAR '07). ACM, New York, 33--42.
[5]
Brunet, T., Nowak, K. E., and Gleicher, M. 2006. Integrating dynamic deformations into interactive volume visualization. In Proceedings of the EuroVis Conference. Eurographics Association, 219--226.
[6]
Chittaro, L. and Burigat, S. 2005. Augmenting audio messages with visual directions in mobile guides: An evaluation of three approaches. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction With Mobile Devices & Services (MobileHCI'05). ACM, New York, 107--114.
[7]
Clarenz, U., Litke, N., and Rumpf, M. 2004. Axioms and variational problems in surface parameterization. Comput. Aided Geom. Des. 21, 8, 727--749.
[8]
Coleman, P., Barrett, L., Grimm, C., and Singh, K. 2005. Sketching 3D scene projections. Tech. rep. 2005-13, Washington University.
[9]
do Carmo, M. P. 1976. Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces. Prentice-Hall.
[10]
do Carmo, M. P. 1992. Riemannian Geometry. Birkhäuser Verlag.
[11]
Falk, M., Schafhitzel, T., Weiskopf, D., and Ertl, T. 2007. Panorama maps with non-linear ray tracing. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques in Australia and Southeast Asia (GRAPHITE'07). ACM, New York, 9--16.
[12]
Floater, M. S. and Hormann, K. 2005. Surface parameterization: A tutorial and survey. In Advances in Multiresolution for Geometric Modelling. Mathematics and Visualization. Springer, 157--186.
[13]
Grinspun, E., Hirani, A. N., Desbrun, M., and Schröder, P. 2003. Discrete shells. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation (SCA'03). Eurographics Association, 62--67.
[14]
Gröller, E. 1995. Nonlinear ray tracing: Visualizing strange worlds. The Visual Comput. 11, 5, 263--274.
[15]
Hake, G., Grünreich, D., and Meng, L. 2002. Kartographie, 8th ed. de Gruyter, Berlin.
[16]
Inakage, M. 1991. Non-Linear perspective projections. In Proceedings of the IFIP Conference, 203--215.
[17]
Levene, J. 1998. A framework for non-realistic projections. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
[18]
Löffelmann, H. and Gröller, E. 1996. Ray tracing with extended cameras. J. Visualiz. Comput. Animation 7, 4, 211--227.
[19]
MacEachren, A. M. 1995. How Maps Work: Representation, Visualization and Design. Guilford Press, New York.
[20]
Mei, C., Popescu, V., and Sacks, E. 2005. The occlusion camera. Comput. Graph. Forum 24, 3, 335--342.
[21]
Patterson, T. 2000. A view from on high: Heinrich Berann's panoramas and landscape visualization techniques for the U.S. national park service. In High Mountain Cartography.
[22]
Premoze, S. 2002. Computer generated panorama maps. In Proceedings of the ICA Mountain Cartography Workshop.
[23]
Sederberg, T. W. and Parry, S. R. 1986. Free-Form deformation of solid geometric models. In Proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH'86). ACM, New York, 151--160.
[24]
Sester, M. 2000. Generalization based on least squares adjustment. In International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 931--938.
[25]
Singh, K. 2002. A fresh perspective. In Proceedings of the Graphics Interface Conference, (GI2002) 17--24.
[26]
Sudarsanam, N., Grimm, C., and Singh, K. 2005. Interactive manipulation of projections with a curved perspective. In Eurographics Short Papers. Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 24. Eurographics, 105--108.
[27]
Takahashi, S., Ohta, N., Nakamura, H., Takeshima, Y., and Fujishiro, I. 2002. Modeling surperspective projection of landscapes for geographical guide-map generation. Comput. Graph. Forum 21, 3.
[28]
Takahashi, S., Yoshida, K., Shimada, K., and Nishita, T. 2006. Occlusion-Free animation of driving routes for car navigation systems. IEEE Trans. Visualiz. Comput. Graphics 12, 5, 1141--1148.
[29]
www.berann.com. 2008. The world of h.c. berann: http://www.berann.com.
[30]
www.soelden.com. 2008. Ski map of the soelden ski resort: http://ext.soelden.com/skimap_popup/images/skimap.jpg.
[31]
www.vielkind.at. 2008. Homepage of the panorma studio vielkind: http://www.vielkind.at.
[32]
Yang, Y., Chen, J. X., and Beheshti, M. 2005. Nonlinear perspective projections and magic lenses: 3D view deformation. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 25, 1, 76--84.
[33]
Yu, J. and McMillan, L. 2004. General linear cameras. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision, 14--27.

Cited By

View all
  • (2019)Occlusion Management Techniques for the Visualization of Transportation Networks in Virtual 3D City ModelsProceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction10.1145/3356422.3356445(1-8)Online publication date: 20-Sep-2019
  • (2017)Real-time panorama mapsProceedings of the Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering10.1145/3092919.3092922(1-11)Online publication date: 29-Jul-2017
  • (2017)Visibility widgets for unveiling occluded data in 3D terrain visualizationJournal of Visual Languages and Computing10.1016/j.jvlc.2017.08.00842:C(86-98)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2017
  • Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Graphics
ACM Transactions on Graphics  Volume 28, Issue 1
January 2009
144 pages
ISSN:0730-0301
EISSN:1557-7368
DOI:10.1145/1477926
Issue’s Table of Contents
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 09 February 2009
Accepted: 01 August 2008
Received: 01 May 2008
Published in TOG Volume 28, Issue 1

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. Panoramic map
  2. cartographic generalization
  3. maximizing visibility
  4. nonphotorealistic rendering

Qualifiers

  • Research-article
  • Research
  • Refereed

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)16
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1
Reflects downloads up to 05 Mar 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2019)Occlusion Management Techniques for the Visualization of Transportation Networks in Virtual 3D City ModelsProceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction10.1145/3356422.3356445(1-8)Online publication date: 20-Sep-2019
  • (2017)Real-time panorama mapsProceedings of the Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering10.1145/3092919.3092922(1-11)Online publication date: 29-Jul-2017
  • (2017)Visibility widgets for unveiling occluded data in 3D terrain visualizationJournal of Visual Languages and Computing10.1016/j.jvlc.2017.08.00842:C(86-98)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2017
  • (2016)Occlusion-Free Visualization of Important Geographic Features in 3D Urban EnvironmentsISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information10.3390/ijgi50801385:8(138)Online publication date: 8-Aug-2016
  • (2016)Interactive Urban Context-Aware Visualization via Multiple Disocclusion OperatorsIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2015.246966122:7(1862-1874)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2016
  • (2016)Multiperspective Focus+Context VisualizationIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2015.244380422:5(1555-1567)Online publication date: 1-May-2016
  • (2016)Beyond Existing e-Tourism for Mountains: Findings from the Case of Zagori, GreeceSustainable Mountain Regions: Challenges and Perspectives in Southeastern Europe10.1007/978-3-319-27905-3_9(123-136)Online publication date: 20-Feb-2016
  • (2015)Lightweight Relief Shearing for Enhanced Terrain Perception on Interactive MapsProceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/2702123.2702172(3563-3572)Online publication date: 18-Apr-2015
  • (2015)Cartography-Oriented Design of 3D Geospatial Information Visualization – Overview and TechniquesThe Cartographic Journal10.1080/00087041.2015.111946252:2(95-106)Online publication date: 26-Nov-2015
  • (2014)Multi-perspective 3D panoramasInternational Journal of Geographical Information Science10.1080/13658816.2014.92268628:10(2030-2051)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2014
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Full Access

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media