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Effect of copying and restoration on color barcode payload density

Published: 16 September 2009 Publication History

Abstract

2D barcodes are taking on increasing significance as the ubiquity of high-resolution cameras, combined with the availability of variable data printing, drives increasing amounts of "click and connect" applications. Barcodes therefore serve as an increasingly significant connection between physical and electronic portions, or versions, of documents. The use of color provides many additional advantages, including increased payload density and security. In this paper, we consider four factors affecting the readable payload in a color barcode: (1) number of print-scan (PS), or copy, cycles, (2) image restoration to offset PS-induced degradation, (3) the authentication algorithm used, and (4) the use of spectral pre-compensation (SPC) to optimize the color settings for the color barcodes. The PS cycle was shown to consistently reduce payload density by approximately 55% under all tested conditions. SPC nearly doubled the payload density, and selecting the better authentication algorithm increased payload density by roughly 50% in the mean. Restoration, however, was found to increase payload density less substantially (~30%), and only when combined with the optimized settings for SPC. These results are also discussed in light of optimizing payload density for the generation of document security deterrents.

References

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http://www.openmobilealliance.org/.
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http://www.gs1.org/productssolutions/mobile/.
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http://www.epcglobalinc.org/home.
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Simske, S. J., and Aronoff, J. S. 2007. Qualification of a layered security print deterrent. JIST, 51(1):86--95, 2007.
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Simske, S. J., Aronoff, J. S., Sturgill, M. M., and Golodetz, G. 2008. Security printing deterrents: a comparison of thermal ink jet, dry electrophotographic, and liquid electrophotographic printing. JIST, 52(5):50201:1--7, 2008.
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Simske, S. J., Aronoff, J. S., Sturgill, M. M., and Villa, J. C. 2008. Spectral pre-compensation and security deterrent authentication. Proc. NIP24, 24:792--795, 2008.
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Villán, R., Voloshynovskiy, S., Koval, O., and Pun, T. 2006. Multilevel 2D bar codes: towards high capacity storage modules for multimedia security and management. IEEE on Information Forensics and Security, 1(4):405--420, 2006.

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  • (2023)Color Barcodes from Debut to Present: A Broad Survey on the State of the ArtAlphanumeric Journal10.17093/alphanumeric.122583611:1(31-62)Online publication date: 12-Jul-2023
  • (2023) Potential Applications of Tb 3+ /Ho 3+ -Codoped Cs 2 AgInCl 6 Nanocrystals in Color Codes and Encryption ACS Applied Optical Materials10.1021/acsaom.3c002591:10(1697-1705)Online publication date: 10-Oct-2023
  • (2022)Protecting Documents Using Printed Anticopy ElementsMultimedia Security 210.1002/9781119987390.ch2(31-58)Online publication date: Jul-2022
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cover image ACM Conferences
DocEng '09: Proceedings of the 9th ACM symposium on Document engineering
September 2009
264 pages
ISBN:9781605585758
DOI:10.1145/1600193
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 16 September 2009

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Author Tags

  1. 3d bar codes
  2. color compensation
  3. color tiles
  4. image restoration
  5. payload density
  6. security printing

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DocEng '09
DocEng '09: ACM Symposium on Document Engineering
September 16 - 18, 2009
Munich, Germany

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Overall Acceptance Rate 194 of 564 submissions, 34%

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Cited By

View all
  • (2023)Color Barcodes from Debut to Present: A Broad Survey on the State of the ArtAlphanumeric Journal10.17093/alphanumeric.122583611:1(31-62)Online publication date: 12-Jul-2023
  • (2023) Potential Applications of Tb 3+ /Ho 3+ -Codoped Cs 2 AgInCl 6 Nanocrystals in Color Codes and Encryption ACS Applied Optical Materials10.1021/acsaom.3c002591:10(1697-1705)Online publication date: 10-Oct-2023
  • (2022)Protecting Documents Using Printed Anticopy ElementsMultimedia Security 210.1002/9781119987390.ch2(31-58)Online publication date: Jul-2022
  • (2013)Per-Colorant-Channel Color Barcodes for Mobile ApplicationsIEEE Transactions on Image Processing10.1109/TIP.2012.223348322:4(1498-1511)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2013
  • (2013)Domain Areas: Where are These Relevant?Meta‐Algorithmics10.1002/9781118626719.ch3(73-103)Online publication date: 27-May-2013
  • (2011)Impact of Scrambling on Barcode EntropyJournal of Imaging Science and Technology10.2352/J.ImagingSci.Technol.2011.55.5.05060155:5(050601)Online publication date: 2011
  • (2011)Decoding 1-D Barcode from Degraded Images Using a Neural NetworkComputer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics. Theory and Applications10.1007/978-3-642-25382-9_3(45-55)Online publication date: 2011
  • (2010)Error-Correcting Code (ECC) and Module Size Considerations in 2D Aztec Barcode ReadabilityJournal of Imaging Science and Technology10.2352/J.ImagingSci.Technol.2010.54.6.06040554:6(060405)Online publication date: 2010
  • (2010)Document imaging security and forensics ecosystem considerationsProceedings of the 10th ACM symposium on Document engineering10.1145/1860559.1860570(41-50)Online publication date: 21-Sep-2010
  • (2010)Towards a feature set for robust printing-imaging cycle device identification using structured printed markings2010 IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security10.1109/WIFS.2010.5711463(1-6)Online publication date: Dec-2010
  • Show More Cited By

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