Pascal A. Vicaire
ABSTRACT
This paper describes a novel group based programming abstraction called a 'Bundle' for cyber physical systems (CPS). Similar to other programming abstractions, a Bundle creates logical collections of sensing devices. However, previous abstractions were focused on wireless sensor networks (WSN) and did not address key aspects of CPS. Bundles elevate the programming domain from a single WSN to complex systems of systems by allowing the programming of applications involving multiple CPSs that are controlled by different administrative domains and support mobility both within and across CPSs. Bundles can seamlessly group not only sensors, but also actuators which constitute an important part of CPS. Bundles support heterogeneous devices, such as motes, PDAs, laptops and actuators according to the applications' requirements. They allow different applications to simultaneously use the same sensors and actuators. Bundles facilitate feedback control mechanisms by dynamic membership update and requirements reconfiguration based on feedback from the current members. The Bundle abstraction is implemented in Java which ensures ease and conciseness of programming. We present the design and implementation details of Bundles as well as a performance evaluation using 32 applications written with Bundles. This set includes across-network applications that have sophisticated sensing and actuation logic, mobile nodes that are heterogeneous, and feedback control mechanisms. Each of these applications is programmed in less than 60 lines of code.
- C. Borcea, C. Intanagonwiwat, P. Kang, U. Kremer, and L. Iftode. Spatial programming using smart messages: Design and implementation. In ICDCS, pages 690--699, 2004. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- C. Curino, M. Gianni, M. Giorgetta, A. Curino, A. L. Murphy, and G. P. Picco. Tinylime: Bridging mobile and sensor networks through middleware. In PerCom, pages 61--72, 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. Dutta, M. Grimmer, A. Arora, S. Bibyk, and D. Culler. Design of a wireless sensor network platform for detecting rare, random, and ephemeral events. In IPSN, pages 497--502, 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- D. Gay, P. Levis, R. V. Behren, M. Welsh, E. Brewer, and D. Culler. The nesc language: A holistic approach to networked embedded systems. In PLDI, pages 1--11, 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- O. Gnawali, K.-Y. Jang, J. Peak, M. Vieira, R. Govindan, B. Greenstein, A. Joki, D. Estrin, and E. Kohler. The tenet architecture for tiered sensor networks. In SenSys, pages 153--166, 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. He, J. A. Stankovic, R. Stoleru, Y. Gu, and Y. Wu. Essentia: Architecting wireless sensor networks asymmetrically. In INFOCOM, pages 1184--1192, 2008.Google ScholarCross Ref
- T. He, P. Vicaire, T. Yan, Q. Cao, G. Zhou, L. Gu, L. Luo, R. Stoleru, J. A. Stankovic, and T. F. Abdelzaher. Achieving long-term surveillance in vigilnet. In INFOCOM, pages 1--12, 2006.Google ScholarCross Ref
- D. Jacobi, P. E. Guerrero, I. Petrov, and A. Buchmann. Structuring sensor networks with scopes. In EuroSSC, 2008.Google Scholar
- J. King, R. Bose, H.-I. Yang, S. Pickles, and A. Helal. Atlas: A service-oriented sensor platform: Hardware and middleware to enable programmable pervasive spaces. In LCN, pages 630--638, 2006.Google ScholarCross Ref
- N. Kothari, R. Gummadi, T. Millstein, and R. Govindan. Reliable and efficient programming abstractions for wireless sensor networks. SIGPLAN Not., 42(6):200--210, 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. Levis, S. Madden, J. Polastre, R. Szewczyk, K. Whitehouse, A. Woo, D. Gay, J. Hill, M. Welsh, E. Brewer, and D. Culler. Tinyos: An operating system for sensor networks. In Ambient Intelligence. SpringerLink, 2005.Google ScholarCross Ref
- S. Madden, R. Szewczyk, M. J. Franklin, and D. Culler. Supporting aggregate queries over ad-hoc wireless sensor networks. In WMCSA, pages 49--58, 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. R. Madden, M. J. Franklin, J. M. Hellerstein, and W. Hong. Tinydb: an acquisitional query processing system for sensor networks. ACM Trans. Database Syst., 30(1):122--173, 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- L. Mottola and G. P. Picco. Logical neighborhoods: A programming abstraction for wireless sensor networks. In DCOSS, pages 150--168, 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Y. Ni, U. Kremer, and L. Iftode. Spatial views: Space-aware programming for networks of embedded systems. In LCPC, pages 258--272, 2003.Google Scholar
- F. Sun, C.-L. Fok, and G.-C. Roman. schat: A group communication service over wireless sensor networks. In IPSN, pages 543--544, 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. A. Vicaire, Z. Xie, E. Hoque, and J. A. Stankovic. Physicalnet: A generic framework for managing and programming across pervasive computing networks. In RTAS, 2010. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Welsh and G. Mainland. Programming sensor networks using abstract regions. In NSDI, pages 29--42, 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- K. Whitehouse, C. Sharp, E. Brewer, and D. Culler. Hood: a neighborhood abstraction for sensor networks. In MobiSYS, pages 99--110, 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Bundle: a group based programming abstraction for cyber physical systems
Recommendations
Revisiting Bundle Recommendation: Datasets, Tasks, Challenges and Opportunities for Intent-aware Product Bundling
SIGIR '22: Proceedings of the 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information RetrievalProduct bundling is a commonly-used marketing strategy in both offline retailers and online e-commerce systems. Current research on bundle recommendation is limited by: (1) noisy datasets, where bundles are defined by heuristics, e.g., products co-...
Flow control mechanisms for the bundle protocol in IEEE 802.15.4 low-power networks
CHANTS '12: Proceedings of the seventh ACM international workshop on Challenged networksWireless Sensor Networks are networks formed by wireless sensor nodes that generally feature a low-power microcontroller and an IEEE 802.15.4 radio. Most Delay Tolerant Wireless Sensor Networks in literature use proprietary protocols that are ...
Bundle protocol header compression
CHANTS '14: Proceedings of the 9th ACM MobiCom workshop on Challenged networksDelay Tolerant Networks (DTNs), especially the Bundle Protocol (BP), transmit data in self-contained bundles each of which carrying all necessary information to process it and route it to its destination. While this allows for long delays, link ...
Comments