Anni Rander
ABSTRACT
This paper focuses on live subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing. DR conducted an exploratory study on live subtitles used in conjunction with the main news on DR1 to establish whether there were significant accessibility issues. A sample of 27 subjects watched a recording of the main news from June 19, 2009, that contained pre-recorded, pre-prepared and live subtitles for both inter-lingual and intra-lingual communication. User responses and the subsequent interviews revealed that there were significant problems with live subtitles. The delay of some 7 seconds was the main obstacle to user satisfaction. The study was used to argue to case for local buffering video and audio streams in personal video recorders in order to re-synchronise the subtitles and the video/audio to which they refer. The results of the study also highlight the need for increased care when selecting subjects for accessibility service tests.
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Index Terms
- The accessibility of television news with live subtitling on digital television
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Reviews
David Bruce Henderson
Live subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing are one of the many benefits proffered by digital television. The paper discusses the technologies involved and looks at a Danish study of viewer reactions to the use of live subtitles on a Danish TV news program. Providing live subtitles is a challenge. Issues include the time delay between the program video content and the corresponding subtitle, as well as the viewer being distracted from the program video content to read the subtitles. Brief background information on the technologies for presenting subtitles is covered, and the challenges associated with producing live subtitles are discussed. A number of people with various disabilities were selected to view a Danish TV news program with live subtitles. The participants were asked to provide feedback on their experience while viewing the program. Details of how the study was conducted are presented, along with a discussion of the results. Brief conclusions are presented, as well as a discussion of the results of other related studies. The paper provides real-world results of viewer reaction to live subtitles. It discusses some of the issues that need to be overcome before subtitles can improve access to live television programs for people with disabilities. Online Computing Reviews Service
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