Sungye Kim
ABSTRACT
In order to perform daily maintenance and repair tasks in complex electrical and mechanical systems, technicians commonly utilize a large number of diagrams and documents detailing system properties in both electronic and print formats. In electronic document views, users typically are only provided with traditional pan and zoom features; however, recent advances in information visualization and illustrative rendering styles should allow users to analyze documents in a more timely and accurate fashion. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of rendering techniques focusing on methods of document/diagram highlighting, distortion, and navigation while preserving contextual information between related diagrams. We utilize our previously developed interactive visualization system (SDViz) for technical diagrams for a series of quantitative studies and an in-field evaluation of the system in terms of usability and usefulness. In the quantitative studies, subjects perform small tasks that are similar to actual maintenance work while using tools provided by our system. First, the effects of highlighting within a diagram and between multiple diagrams are evaluated. Second, we analyze the value of preserving highlighting as well as spatial information when switching between related diagrams, and then we present the effectiveness of distortion within a diagram. Finally, we discuss a field study of the system and report the results of our findings.
- Agrawala, M., Phan, D., Heiser, J., Haymaker, J., Klingner, J., Hanrahan, P., and Tversky, B. 2003. Designing effective step-by-step assembly instructions. ACM Trans. Graph. 22, 3, 828--837. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Barnard, Y., and Reiss, M. 2006. User-centred innovation of electronic documentation for maintenance. In Developments in Human Factors in Transportation, Design and Evaluation, 129--142.Google Scholar
- Barnard, Y., Reiss, M., and Mazoyer, P. 2006. Mental models of users of aircraft maintenance documentation. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction in Aeronautics, 232--239.Google Scholar
- Bier, E. A., Stone, M. C., Pier, K., Buxton, W., and DeRose, T. D. 1993. Toolglass and magic lenses: the see-through interface. In SIGGRAPH '93: Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, ACM, New York, NY, USA, 73--80. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Carpendale, S., Ligh, J., and Pattison, E. 2004. Achieving higher magnification in context. In UIST '04: Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, 71--80. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Farrar, M. S. 1996. Magic Squares. BookSurge Publishing.Google Scholar
- Ferwerda, J., Rushmeier, H., and Watson, B., 2002. Visualization 2002 tutorial: Pschychometrics 101: How to design, conduct, and analyze perceptual studies of computer graphics visualization techniques.Google Scholar
- Gabbard, J. L., Hix, D., and Swan, J. E. 1999. User-centered design and evaluation of virtual environments. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 19, 6, 51--59. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Greenberg, S., and Buxton, B. 2008. Usability evaluation considered harmful (some of the time). In Proceedings of the twenty-sixth annual SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, ACM, 111--120. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Healey, C. G. 2001. Combining Perception and Impressionist Techniques for Nonphotorealistic Visualization of Multidimensional Data. In Non-Photorelistic Rendering in Scientific Visualization, C. G. Healey, Ed., SIGGRAPH 2001 Course Notes.Google Scholar
- Heiser, J., Tversky, B., Agrawala, M., and Hanrahan, P. 2003. Cognitive design principles for visualizations: Revealing and instantiating. In CogSci '03: Proceedings of 25th annual meeting of the cognitive science society, 545--550.Google Scholar
- Heiser, J., Phan, D., Agrawala, M., Tversky, B., and Hanrahan, P. 2004. Identification and validation of cognitive design principles for automated generation of assembly instructions. In AVI '04: Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces, ACM, 311--319. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jackson, C. D., Acevedo, D., Laidlaw, D. H., Drury, F., Vote, E., and Keefe, D. 2003. Designer-critiqued comparison of 2d vector visualization methods: a pilot study. In SIGGRAPH '03: ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Sketches & Applications, ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1--1. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Johnson, C., and Hansen, C. 2004. Visualization Handbook. Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, FL, USA. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Laskowski, S., and Plaisant, C. 2005. Evaluation methodologies for visual analytics. In Illuminating the Path: The Research and Development Agenda for Visual Analytics, J. J. Thomas and K. A. Cook, Eds. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, 150--157.Google Scholar
- Likert, R. 1932. A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology 22, 140, 1--55.Google Scholar
- North, C. 2006. Toward measuring insight. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 26, 3, 6--9. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Plaisant, C., Fekete, J. D., and Grinstein, G. 2008. Promoting insight-based evaluation of visualizations: From contest to benchmark repository. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 14, 1 (January), 120--134. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Plaisant, C., Grinstein, G., Scholtz, J., Whiting, M., O'Connell, T., Laskowski, S., Chien, L., Tat, A., Wright, W., Görg, C., Liu, Z., Parekh, N., Singhal, K., and Stasko, J. 2008. Evaluating visual analytics at the 2007 vast symposium contest. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 28, 2 (March), 12--21. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Rauschenbach, U., Jeschke, S., and Schumann, H. 2001. General rectangular fisheye views for 2d graphics. Elsevier Science, vol. 24, 609--617.Google Scholar
- Rauschenbach, U. 1999. The rectangular fish eye view as an efficient method for the transmission and display of large images. In ICIP '99: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 115--119.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Reuter, L. H., Tukey, P., Maloney, L. T., Pani, J. R., and Smith, S. 1990. Human perception and visualization. In VIS '90: Proceedings of the 1st conference on Visualization '90, 401--406. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Scholtz, J. 2006. Beyond usability: Evaluation aspects of visual analytic environments. In IEEE Symposium onf Visual Analytics Science And Technology, 145--150.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Tory, M., and Möller, T. 2005. Evaluating visualizations: Do expert reviews work? IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 25, 5, 8--11. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ware, C. 2004. Information Visualization: Perception for Design, vol. 2nd edition. Morgan Kaufmann. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Woo, I., Kim, S., Maciejewski, R., Ebert, D. S., Ropp, T. D., and Thomas, K. 2009. Sdviz: A context-preserving interactive visualization system for technical diagrams. Computer Graphics Forum 28, 943--950.Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Evaluating the effectiveness of visualization techniques for schematic diagrams in maintenance tasks
Recommendations
Off-screen visualization techniques for class diagrams
SOFTVIS '10: Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Software visualizationVisual representations of node-link diagrams are very important for the software development process. In many situations large diagrams - probably consisting of hundreds of nodes and edges - have to be edited and explored. In state-of-the-art modeling ...
A Study on the Effectiveness of Tree-Maps as Tree Visualization Techniques
AbstractTree Structure visualization techniques are one of the important techniques to support the analysis of large hierarchical structure data. They are typically used as tree structure node-link diagram. However, it is difficult to visualize the ...
Interactive Lens Visualization Techniques
VISUALIZATION '99: Proceedings of the 10th IEEE Visualization 1999 Conference (VIS '99)This paper describes new techniques for minimally immersive visualization of 3D scalar and vector fields, and visualization of document corpora. In our glyph-based visualization system, the user interacts with the 3D volume of glyphs using a pair of ...
Comments